L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, J. Liu, Y. Zou, W. A. Bristow, S. Yadav, E. Donovan, N. Nishitani, K. Shiokawa, and K. Hosokawa. Unsolved problems: Mesoscale polar cap flow channels' structure, propagation, and effects on space weather disturbances. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, volume 10, 2023 . L. R. Lyons, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, and Y. Nishimura. Chapter 2 - Auroral structures: Revealing the importance of meso-scale M-I coupling. Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Elsevier, 2022 . Y. Zou, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Effects of Substorms on High-Latitude Upper Thermospheric Winds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 1, 2021 . Y.-Z. Ma, Q.-H. Zhang, L. R. Lyons, J. Liu, Z.-Y. Xing, A. Reimer, Y. Nishimura, and D. Hampton. Is Westward Travelling Surge Driven by the Polar Cap Flow Channels? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 8, 2021 . L. R. Lyons, J. Liu, Y. Nishimura, C.-P. Wang, A. S. Reimer, W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, X. Shi, R. H. Varney, and E. F. Donovan. Radar Observations of Flows Leading to Longitudinal Expansion of Substorm Onset over Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021 . L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura. Substorm onset and development: The crucial role of flow channels. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, volume 211, 2020 . B. Wang, Y. Nishimura, M. Hartinger, N. Sivadas, L. L. Lyons, R. H. Varney, and V. Angelopoulos. Ionospheric Modulation by Storm Time Pc5 ULF Pulsations and the Structure Detected by PFISR-THEMIS Conjunction. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 47, issue 16, 2020 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, C. Gabrielse, N. Sivadas, E. F. Donovan, R. H. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, J. M. Weygand, M. G. Conde, and S. R. Zhang. Extreme Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 4, 2020 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Mesoscale F region neutral winds associated with quasi‐steady and transient nightside auroral forms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, and K. Shiokawa. Localized polar cap precipitation in association with nonstorm time airglow patches. Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, volume 44, pages 609-617, 2017 . L. R. Lyons, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, S. Zou, J. M. Weygand, Y. Nishimura, W. Li, M. Gkioulidou, V. Angelopoulos, E. F. Donovan, J. M. Ruohoniemi, B. J. Anderson, S. G. Shepherd, and N. Nishitani. The 17 March 2013 storm: Synergy of observations related to electric field modes and their ionospheric and magnetospheric Effects. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, J. K. Burchill, D. J. Knudsen, L. R. Lyons, K. Shiokawa, S. Buchert, S. Chen, M. J. Nicolls, M. J. Ruohoniemi, K. A. McWilliams, and N. Nishitani. Localized field-aligned currents in the polar cap associated with airglow patches. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, M. J. Nicolls, S. Chen, D. L. Hampton, W. A. Bristow, J. M. Ruohoniemi, N. Nishitani, E. F. Donovan, and V. Angelopoulos. Azimuthal flow bursts in the Inner Plasma Sheet and Possible Connection with SAPS and Plasma Sheet Earthward Flow Bursts. J. Geophys. Res., volume 120, pages 5009-5021, 2015 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, Y. Zou, E. F. Donovan, S. Mende, V. Angelopoulos, J. M. Ruohoniemi, K. A. McWilliams, D. L. Hampton, and M. J. Nicolls. Dynamics Related to Plasmasheet Flow Bursts as Revealed from the Aurora. Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather (eds. Y. Zhang and L. J. Paxton), John Wiley & Sons, 2015 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, D. L. Hampton, R. G. Michell, M. Samara, W. A. Bristow, E. F. Donovan, E. Spanswick, V. Angelopoulos, and S. B. Mende. Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between pre-onset flow bursts and waves that leads to substorm onset. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 3333-3344, 2014 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, M. J. Nicolls, A. J. Ridley, A. J. Coster, E. Yizengaw, L. R. Lyons, and E. F. Donovan. Electrodynamics of the high-latitude trough: its relationship with convection flows and field-aligned currents. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 2565-2572, 2013 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, A. Coster, L. R. Lyons, and M. J. Nicolls. GPS TEC observations of dynamics of the mid-latitude trough during substorms. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 38, 2011 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, H.-J. Kim, E. Donovan, V. Angelopoulos, G. Sofko, M. Nicolls, C. Heinselman, J. M. Ruohoniemi, and N. Nishitani. Possible connection of polar cap flows to pre- and post-substorm onset PBIs and streamers. J. Geophys. Res., volume 116, 2011 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, Y. Shi, S. Zou, H.-J. Kim, V. Angelopoulos, C. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, and K.-H. Fornacon. Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: Incoherent-scatter radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, S. Zou, X. Xing, V. Angelopoulos, S. B. Mende, J. W. Bonnell, D. Larson, U. Auster, T. Hori, N. Nishitani, K. Hosokawa, G. Sofko, M. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Preonset time sequence of auroral substorms: Coordinated observations by all-sky imagers, satellites, and radars. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, M. Hirahara, T. Sakanoi, K. Asamura, M. J. Nicolls, Y. Miyashita, S. B. Mende, and C. J. Heinselman. Identification of substorm onset location and preonset sequence using Reimei, THEMIS GBO, PFISR, and Geotail. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and S. B. Mende. Nightside ionospheric electrodynamics associated with substorms: PFISR and THEMIS ASI observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, and C. J. Heinselman. PFISR observations of strong azimuthal flow bursts in the ionosphere and their relation to nightside aurora. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 729-737, 2009 . L. R. Lyons, S. Zou, C. J. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, and P. C. Anderson. Poker flat radar observations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling electrodynamics of the earthward penetrating plasma sheet following convection enhancements. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 717-728, 2009 . L. R. Lyons, H.-J. Kim, X. Xing, S. Zou, D.-Y. Lee, C. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, V. Angelopoulos, D. Larson, J. McFadden, A. Runov, and K.-H. Fornacon. Evidence that solar wind fluctuations substantially affect global convection and substorm occurrence. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 .