S. Kaeppler, D. G. Markowski, A. M. Pepper, R. Troyer, A. N. Jaynes, R. H. Varney, and D. Hampton. Data-driven empirical conductance relations during auroral precipitation using incoherent scatter radar and all sky imagers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, September 2023 . D. J. Madera, R. A. Marshall, S. Elschot, S. Kaeppler, P. Reyes, R. H. Varney, and A. B. Crew. Time-Dependent Inversion of Energetic Electron Precipitation Spectra From Ground-Based Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 128, issue 5, 2023 . N. H. Godbole, M. R. Lessard, D. R. Kenward, B. A. Fritz, R. H. Varney, R. G. Michell, and D. Hampton. Observations of ion upflow and 630.0 nm emission during pulsating aurora. Frontiers in Physics, volume 10, 2022 . X. Meng, D. S. Ozturk, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, J. L. Semeter, S. R. Kaeppler, and W. Zhan. Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High-Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 12, 2022 . Q. Ma, W. Xu, E. R. Sanchez, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, P. M. Reyes, R. H. Varney, S. R. Kaeppler, Y. Miyoshi, A. Matsuoka, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, F. Tsuchiya, A. Kumamoto, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, T. Mitani, S. Nakamura, Y. Kazama, S.-Y. Wang, C.-W. Jun, I. Shinohara, and S. W.-Y. Tam. Analysis of Electron Precipitation and Ionospheric Density Enhancements Due To Hiss Using Incoherent Scatter Radar and Arase Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 8, 2022 . E. R. Sanchez, Q. Ma, W. Xu, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, P. Reyes, R. Varney, and S. Kaeppler. A Test of Energetic Particle Precipitation Models Using Simultaneous Incoherent Scatter Radar and Van Allen Probes Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 8, 2022 . Y. Wang, D. R. Themens, C. Wang, Y.-Z. Ma, A. Reimer, R. Varney, R. Gilies, Z.-Y. Xing, Q.-H. Zhang, and P. T. Jayachandran. Simultaneous Observations of a Polar Cap Sporadic-E Layer by Twin Incoherent Scatter Radars at Resolute. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 6, 2022 . L. J. Lamarche, R. H. Varney, and A. S. Reimer. Ion Heating in the Polar Cap Under Northwards IMF Bz. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 11, October 2021 . E. Aa, S.-R. Zhang, P. J. Erickson, A. J. Coster, L. P. Goncharenko, R. H. Varney, and R. Eastes. Salient Midlatitude Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances Associated With SAPS During a Minor but Geo-Effective Storm at Deep Solar Minimum. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 7, June 2021 . Y. Zou, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Effects of Substorms on High-Latitude Upper Thermospheric Winds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 1, 2021 . W. Zhan, S. R. Kaeppler, M. F. Larsen, A. Reimer, and R. Varney. An Investigation of Auroral E Region Energy Exchange Using Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations During Fall Equinox Conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 10, 2021 . L. R. Lyons, J. Liu, Y. Nishimura, C.-P. Wang, A. S. Reimer, W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, X. Shi, R. H. Varney, and E. F. Donovan. Radar Observations of Flows Leading to Longitudinal Expansion of Substorm Onset over Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021 . L. J. Lamarche, R. H. Varney, and C. L. Siefring. Analysis of Plasma Irregularities on a Range of Scintillation-Scales Using the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 3, 2020 . J. Ren, S. Zou, J. Lu, N. Giertych, Y. Chen, R. H. Varney, and A. S. Reimer. Statistical Study of Ion Upflow and Downflow Observed by PFISR. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 10, 2020 . B. Wang, Y. Nishimura, M. Hartinger, N. Sivadas, L. L. Lyons, R. H. Varney, and V. Angelopoulos. Ionospheric Modulation by Storm Time Pc5 ULF Pulsations and the Structure Detected by PFISR-THEMIS Conjunction. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 47, issue 16, 2020 . M. Fraunberger, K. A. Lynch, R. Clayton, T. M. Roberts, D. Hysell, M. Lessard, A. Reimer, and R. Varney. Auroral ionospheric plasma flow extraction using subsonic retarding potential analyzers. Review of Scientific Instruments, volume 91, issue 9, 2020 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, C. Gabrielse, N. Sivadas, E. F. Donovan, R. H. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, J. M. Weygand, M. G. Conde, and S. R. Zhang. Extreme Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 4, 2020 . L. J. Lamarche, R. H. Varney, and C. L. Siefring. Analysis of Plasma Irregularities on a Range of Scintillation-Scales Using the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 3, 2020 . D. S. Ozturk, X. Meng, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, and J. L. Semeter. A New Framework to Incorporate High-Latitude Input for Mesoscale Electrodynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 1, 2020 . S. R. Kaeppler, E. Sanchez, R. H. Varney, R. J. Irvin, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, A. S. Reimer, and P. M. Reyes. Chapter 6 - Incoherent scatter radar observations of 10–100keV precipitation: review and outlook. The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts, Elsevier, 2020 . R. Clayton, K. Lynch, M. Zettergren, M. Burleigh, M. Conde, G. Grubbs, D. Hampton, D. Hysell, M. Lessard, R. Michell, A. Reimer, T. M. Roberts, M. Samara, and R. Varney. Two-Dimensional Maps of In Situ Ionospheric Plasma Flow Data Near Auroral Arcs Using Auroral Imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, issue 4, 2019 . Q. Wu, D. Knipp, J. Liu, W. Wang, R. Varney, R. Gillies, P. Erickson, M. Greffen, A. Reimer, I. Häggström, G. Jee, and Y.-S. Kwak. HIWIND Observation of Summer Season Polar Cap Thermospheric Winds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, issue 11, 2019 . D. R. Themens, P. Jayachandran, A. M. McCaffrey, B. Reid, and R. H. Varney. A Bottomside Parameterization for the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model. Radio Science, volume 54, issue 5, 2019 . R. G. Gillies, G. W. Perry, A. V. Koustov, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, E. Spanswick, J.-P. St.-Maurice, and E. Donovan. Large-scale comparison of polar cap ionospheric velocities measured by RISR-C, RISR-N, and SuperDARN. Journal of Geophysical Research: Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 53, 2018 . J. Ren, S. Zou, R. G. Gillies, E. Donovan, and R. H. Varney. Statistical characteristics of polar cap patches observed by RISR‐C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Mesoscale F region neutral winds associated with quasi‐steady and transient nightside auroral forms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . C. C. Triplett, J. Li, R. L. Collins, G. A. Lehmacher, A. Barjatya, D. C. Fritts, B. Strelnikov, F.-J. Luebken, B. Thurairajah, V. L. Harvey, D. L. Hampton, and R. H. Varney. Observations of Reduced Turbulence and Wave Activity in the Arctic Middle Atmosphere Following the January 2015 Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . J. Liang, E. Donovan, A. Reimer, D. Hampton, S. Zou, and R. Varney. Ionospheric electron heating associated with pulsating auroras: Joint optical and PFISR observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, pages 4430-4456, 2018 . D. R. Themens, P. Jayachandran, and R. H. Varney. Examining the use of the NeQuick bottomside and topside parameterizations at high latitudes. Advances in Space Research, American Geophysical Union, volume 61, issue 1, pages 287-294, 2018 . D. R. Themens, P. T. Jayachandran, D. Bilitza, P. J. Erickson, I. Haggstrom, M. V. Lyashenko, B. Reid, R. H. Varney, and L. Pustovalova. Topside electron density representations for middle and high latitudes: A topside parameterization for E-CHAIM based on the NeQuick. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . S. Mrak, J. Semeter, M. Hirsch, G. Starr, D. Hampton, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, J. Swoboda, P. J. Erickson, F. Lind, A. J. Coster, and V. Pankratius. Field-aligned GPS scintillation: Multisensor data fusion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, pages 974-992, 2018 . S. Zou, D. Ozturk, R. Varney, and A. Reimer. Effects of sudden commencement on the ionosphere: PFISR observations and global MHD simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., issue 44, 2017 . Q. Wu, G. Jee, C. Lee, J.-H. Kim, Y. H. Kim, W. Ward, and R. H. Varney. First simultaneous multistation observations of the polar cap thermospheric winds. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 122, 2017 . Y. Shen, D. J. Knudsen, J. K. Burchill, A. Howarth, A. Yau, R. J. Redmon, D. M. Miles, R. H. Varney, and M. J. Nicolls. Strong ambipolar-driven ion upflow within the cleft ion fountain during low geomagnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, issue 121, 2016 . A. V. Koustov, D. B. Lavoie, and R. H. Varney. On the consistency of the SuperDARN radar velocity and E×B plasma drift. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, issue 51, 2016 . D. A. Hickey, C. R. Martinis, F. S. Rodrigues, R. H. Varney, M. A. Milla, M. J. Nicolls, A. Strømme, and J. F. Arratia. Concurrent observations at the magnetic equator of small-scale irregularities and large-scale depletions associated with equatorial spread F. J. Geophys. Res., volume 120, pages 10883-10896, 2015 . F. S. Rodrigues., M. J. Nicolls, M. A. Milla, J. M. Smith, R. H. Varney, A. Strømme, C. Martinis, and J. F. Arratia. AMISR-14: Observations of equatorial spread F. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 42, pages 5100-5108, 2015 . R. H. Varney, S. C. Solomon, and M. J. Nicolls. Heating of the sunlit polar cap ionosphere by reflected photoelectrons. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 8660-8684, 2014 . R. H. Varney, M. C. Kelley, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and R. L. Collins. The electron density dependence of polar mesospheric summer echoes. J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy, volume 73, 2011 . M. C. Kelley, M. J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, R. L. Collins, R. Doe, J. M. C. Plane, J. Thayer, M. Taylor, B. Thurairajah, and K. Mizutani. Radar, lidar, and optical observations in the polar summer mesosphere shortly after a space shuttle launch. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . M. J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, S. L. Vadas, P. A. Stamus, C. J. Heinselman, R. B. Cosgrove, and M. C. Kelley. Influence of an inertia-gravity wave on mesospheric dynamics: A case study with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. H. Varney, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and M. C. Kelley. Observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes using PFISR during the summer of 2007. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 3, pages 470-476, 2009 . M. J. Taylor, Y. Zhao, P.-D. Pautet, M. J. Nicolls, R. L. Collins, J. Barker-Tvedtnes, C. D. Burton, B. Thurairajah, J. Reimuller, R. H. Varney, C. J. Heinselman, and K. Mizutani. Coordinated optical and radar image measurements of noctilucent clouds and polar mesospheric summer echoes. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 675-687, 2009 . M. J. Nicolls, M. C. Kelley, R. H. Varney, and C. J. Heinselman. Spectral observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes at 33 cm (450 MHz) with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 662-674, 2009 .