H. Cai, C. Xue, J. Houssineau, M. Jah, and J. Zhang. Possibilistic space object tracking under epistemic uncertainty. Advances in Space Research, volume 71, issue 12, 2023 . Z. Chen, T. Xie, H. Li, Z. Ouyang, and X. Deng. The global variation of low ionosphere under action of energetic electron precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, September 2023 . H. Fast. Study of the electron density in the high latitude ionosphere with incoherent scatter radars and Swarm satellites. August, University of Saskatchewan 2023 . H. Fast, A. Koustov, and R. Gillies. Validation of Swarm Langmuir Probes by Incoherent Scatter Radars at High Latitudes. Remote Sensing, volume 15, issue 7, 2023 . S. Kaeppler, D. G. Markowski, A. M. Pepper, R. Troyer, A. N. Jaynes, R. H. Varney, and D. Hampton. Data-driven empirical conductance relations during auroral precipitation using incoherent scatter radar and all sky imagers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, September 2023 . L. Liu and Y. J. Morton. Assessment of storm-time ionospheric electron density measurements from Spire Global CubeSat GNSS radio occultation constellation. GPS Solutions, volume 27, issue 2, 2023 . X. Lu, H. Wu, S. Kaeppler, J. Meriwether, Y. Nishimura, W. Wang, J. Li, and X. Shi. Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and Ionospheric Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data-Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields. Space Weather, volume 21, issue 2, 2023 . D. J. Madera, R. A. Marshall, S. Elschot, S. Kaeppler, P. Reyes, R. H. Varney, and A. B. Crew. Time-Dependent Inversion of Energetic Electron Precipitation Spectra From Ground-Based Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 128, issue 5, 2023 . L. Schreiter, C. Stolle, J. Rauberg, G. Kervalishvili, J. van d. Ijssel, D. Arnold, C. Xiong, and A. Callegare. Topside Ionosphere Sounding From the CHAMP, GRACE, and GRACE-FO Missions. Radio Science, volume 58, issue 3, 2023 . M. Shammat. Multi-Instrument Study of Peak Plasma Density in the Ionosphere. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, May, University of Massachusetts Lowell 2023 . X. Tian, Y. Yu, F. Gong, L. Ma, J. Cao, S. C. Solomon, P. R. Shreedevi, K. Shiokawa, Y. Otsuka, S.-i. Oyama, and Y. Miyoshi. Ionospheric Modulation by EMIC Wave-Driven Proton Precipitation: Observations and Simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 128, issue 1, 2023 . R. Troyer. The Implications and Characteristics of Diffuse-Like but Dynamic Aurora. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, May, The University of Iowa 2023 . P. R. Vaggu, K. B. Deshpande, S. Datta-Barua, G. S. Bust, D. L. Hampton, A. L. Rubio, and J. P. Conroy. Morphological and Spectral Features of Ionospheric Structures at E- and F-Region Altitudes over Poker Flat Analyzed Using Modeling and Observations. Sensors, volume 23, issue 5, February 2023 . C. Wang, W.-L. Guo, Q.-H. Zhang, H.-S. Zhao, and L. Cao. 3-D Computerized Ionospheric Tomography with GPS, SAR, and Ionosonde. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023 . H. Wu. Studies of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to Multi-Scale Energy Deposition Processes. May, Clemson University 2023 . H. Akbari, R. Pfaff, J. Clemmons, H. Freudenreich, D. Rowland, and A. Streltsov. Resonant Alfvén Waves in the Lower Auroral Ionosphere: Evidence for the Nonlinear Evolution of the Ionospheric Feedback Instability. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 2, January 2022 . R. M. Albarran. Kinetic Modeling of Ionospheric Outflows Observed by the VISIONS-1 Sounding Rocket. September, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 2022 . L. Alfonsi, N. Bergeot, P. J. Cilliers, G. D. Franceschi, L. Baddeley, E. Correia, D. D. Mauro, C.-F. Enell, M. Engebretson, R. Ghoddousi-Fard, I. Häggström, Y.-b. Ham, G. Heygster, G. Jee, A. Kero, M. Kosch, H.-J. Kwon, C. Lee, S. Lotz, L. Macotela, M. F. Marcucci, W. J. Miloch, Y. J. Morton, T. Naoi, M. Negusini, N. Partamies, B. H. Petkov, E. Pottiaux, P. Prikryl, P. R. Shreedevi, R. Slapak, L. Spogli, J. Stephenson, A. M. Triana-Gómez, O. A. Troshichev, R. V. Malderen, J. M. Weygand, and S. Zou. Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace. Surveys in Geophysics, volume 43, issue 6, 2022 . A.-M. Bals, C. Thakrar, and K. B. Deshpande. Creating a Database to Identify High-Latitude Scintillation Signatures With Unsupervised Machine Learning. IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification, volume 6, 2022 . K. Bossert, L. J. Paxton, T. Matsuo, L. Goncharenko, K. Kumari, and M. Conde. Large-Scale Traveling Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances Observed in GUVI With Multi-Instrument Validations. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 49, issue 16, 2022 . M. Burleigh, K. Lynch, M. Zettergren, and R. Clayton. Spatiotemporal Limitations of Data-Driven Modeling: An ISINGLASS Case Study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 9, 2022 . B. R. English. Improvement and Validation of Multiyear Auroral Analysis to Categorize Scintillation Event Layer. December, Illinois Institute of Technology 2022 . N. A. Frissell, S. R. Kaeppler, D. F. Sanchez, G. W. Perry, W. D. Engelke, P. J. Erickson, A. J. Coster, J. M. Ruohoniemi, J. B. H. Baker, and M. L. West. First Observations of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using Automated Amateur Radio Receiving Networks. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 49, issue 5, 2022 . C. Gabrielse, S. R. Kaeppler, G. Lu, C.-P. Wang, and Y. Yu. Chapter 4 - Energetic particle dynamics, precipitation, and conductivity. Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Elsevier, 2022 . N. H. Godbole, M. R. Lessard, D. R. Kenward, B. A. Fritz, R. H. Varney, R. G. Michell, and D. Hampton. Observations of ion upflow and 630.0 nm emission during pulsating aurora. Frontiers in Physics, volume 10, 2022 . L. V. Goodwin and G. W. Perry. Resolving the High-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularity Spectra Using Multi-Point Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements. Radio Science, volume 57, issue 9, 2022 . E. Hudson, J. LaBelle, A. Reimer, and H. Akbari. A Statistical Study of Auroral Medium Frequency Bursts and Anomalous Incoherent Scatter Radar Echoes. Radio Science, volume 57, issue 6, 2022 . G. V. Khazanov, C. Gabrielse, A. Glocer, M. Chu, Y. Nishimura, and P. Reyes. A 2D Kaleidoscope of Electron Heat Fluxes Driven by Auroral Electron Precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 49, issue 18, 2022 . L. R. Lyons, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, and Y. Nishimura. Chapter 2 - Auroral structures: Revealing the importance of meso-scale M-I coupling. Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System, Elsevier, 2022 . Q. Ma, W. Xu, E. R. Sanchez, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, P. M. Reyes, R. H. Varney, S. R. Kaeppler, Y. Miyoshi, A. Matsuoka, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, F. Tsuchiya, A. Kumamoto, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, K. Keika, T. Hori, T. Mitani, S. Nakamura, Y. Kazama, S.-Y. Wang, C.-W. Jun, I. Shinohara, and S. W.-Y. Tam. Analysis of Electron Precipitation and Ionospheric Density Enhancements Due To Hiss Using Incoherent Scatter Radar and Arase Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 8, 2022 . X. Meng, D. S. Ozturk, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, J. L. Semeter, S. R. Kaeppler, and W. Zhan. Energy Deposition by Mesoscale High-Latitude Electric Fields Into the Thermosphere During the 26 October 2019 Geomagnetic Storm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 12, 2022 . B. Park, C. Lim, J. Wang, and Y. T. J. Morton. Horizontal Drift Velocity and Dimensions of Ionospheric Irregularities Using ROT From a GNSS Receiver Array. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, volume 60, 2022 . J. Ren. Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of Polar Cap Patch: Multi-instrument Observations. May, University of Michigan 2022 . E. R. Sanchez, Q. Ma, W. Xu, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, P. Reyes, R. Varney, and S. Kaeppler. A Test of Energetic Particle Precipitation Models Using Simultaneous Incoherent Scatter Radar and Van Allen Probes Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 127, issue 8, 2022 . Z. Wang and S. Zou. COMPASS: A New COnductance Model Based on PFISR And SWARM Satellite Observations. Space Weather, volume 20, issue 2, 2022 . H. Wu and X. Lu. Data Assimilation of High-Latitude Electric Fields: Extension of a Multi-Resolution Gaussian Process Model (Lattice Kriging) to Vector Fields. Space Weather, volume 20, issue 1, 2022 . Y. Yu, J. Cao, Z. Pu, V. K. Jordanova, and A. Ridley. Meso-Scale Electrodynamic Coupling of the Earth Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System. Space Science Reviews, volume 218, issue 8, 2022 . W. Zhu, J. Chen, Q. Sun, Z. Li, W. Tan, and Y. Wei. Reconstructing of High-Spatial-Resolution Three-Dimensional Electron Density by Ingesting SAR-Derived VTEC Into IRI Model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, volume 19, 2022 . E. Aa, S.-R. Zhang, P. J. Erickson, A. J. Coster, L. P. Goncharenko, R. H. Varney, and R. Eastes. Salient Midlatitude Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances Associated With SAPS During a Minor but Geo-Effective Storm at Deep Solar Minimum. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 7, June 2021 . L. R. Lyons, J. Liu, Y. Nishimura, C.-P. Wang, A. S. Reimer, W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, X. Shi, R. H. Varney, and E. F. Donovan. Radar Observations of Flows Leading to Longitudinal Expansion of Substorm Onset over Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 2021 . Y.-Z. Ma, Q.-H. Zhang, L. R. Lyons, J. Liu, Z.-Y. Xing, A. Reimer, Y. Nishimura, and D. Hampton. Is Westward Travelling Surge Driven by the Polar Cap Flow Channels? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 8, 2021 . R. A. Makarevich, G. Crowley, I. Azeem, C. Ngwira, and V. V. Forsythe. Auroral E-Region as a Source Region for Ionospheric Scintillation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 5, May 2021 . R. L. Mesquita. An observational investigation of mid-latitude thermospheric temperatures and high-latitude E-region neutral wind structures. May, Clemson University 2021 . W. Zhan, S. R. Kaeppler, M. F. Larsen, A. Reimer, and R. Varney. An Investigation of Auroral E Region Energy Exchange Using Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations During Fall Equinox Conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 10, 2021 . Y. Zou, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Effects of Substorms on High-Latitude Upper Thermospheric Winds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 126, issue 1, 2021 . S. Zou, J. Ren, Z. Wang, H. Sun, and Y. Chen. Impact of Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) on Ion Upflow Fluxes During Geomagnetic Storm. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, volume 8, 2021 . A. D. Danilov and A. V. Konstantinova. Long-Term Variations in the Parameters of the Middle and Upper Atmosphere and Ionosphere (Review). Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, volume 60, pages 397-420, 2020 . V. V. Forsythe, I. Azeem, G. Crowley, and D. R. Themens. Ionospheric Vertical Correlation Distances: Estimation From ISR Data, Analysis and Implications For Ionospheric Data Assimilation. Radio Science, 2020 . M. Fraunberger, K. A. Lynch, R. Clayton, T. M. Roberts, D. Hysell, M. Lessard, A. Reimer, and R. Varney. Auroral ionospheric plasma flow extraction using subsonic retarding potential analyzers. Review of Scientific Instruments, volume 91, issue 9, 2020 . A. Hu, B. Carter, J. Currie, R. Norman, S. Wu, and K. Zhang. A Deep Neural Network Model of Global Topside Electron Temperature Using Incoherent Scatter Radars and Its Application to GNSS Radio Occultation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 2, 2020 . S. R. Kaeppler, E. Sanchez, R. H. Varney, R. J. Irvin, R. A. Marshall, J. Bortnik, A. S. Reimer, and P. M. Reyes. Chapter 6 - Incoherent scatter radar observations of 10–100keV precipitation: review and outlook. The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts, Elsevier, 2020 . Kenward and David. The Impact of Fine Scale Drivers on Upwelling Processes. University of New Hampshire, Durham, 2020 . L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura. Substorm onset and development: The crucial role of flow channels. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, volume 211, 2020 . R. Michell and E. Mirizio. The statistics of small-mass meteors observed simultaneously with optical imaging and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. Planetary and Space Science, volume 190, 2020 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, C. Gabrielse, N. Sivadas, E. F. Donovan, R. H. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, J. M. Weygand, M. G. Conde, and S. R. Zhang. Extreme Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 4, 2020 . D. S. Ozturk, X. Meng, O. P. Verkhoglyadova, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, and J. L. Semeter. A New Framework to Incorporate High-Latitude Input for Mesoscale Electrodynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 1, 2020 . J. Ren, S. Zou, J. Lu, N. Giertych, Y. Chen, R. H. Varney, and A. S. Reimer. Statistical Study of Ion Upflow and Downflow Observed by PFISR. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 10, 2020 . R. M. Robinson, S. R. Kaeppler, L. Zanetti, B. Anderson, S. K. Vines, H. Korth, and A. Fitzmaurice. Statistical Relations Between Auroral Electrical Conductances and Field-Aligned Currents at High Latitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 125, issue 7, 2020 . J. Semeter. Chapter 15 - High-resolution approaches to ionospheric exploration. The Dynamical Ionosphere, Elsevier, 2020 . Sivadas and Nithin. Remote sensing of energetic electron precipitation. OpenBU, 2020 . V. Sreenivash, Y. Su, and S. Datta-Barua. Automated Ionospheric Scattering Layer Hypothesis Generation for Detected and Classified Auroral Global Positioning System Scintillation Events. Radio Science, volume 55, issue 1, 2020 . D. J. Stuart. Multiyear Automated Analysis of Auroral Images to Categorize Ionosphere Irregularity Layer. Illinois Institute of Technology,, Illinois Institute of Technology 2020 . B. Wang, Y. Nishimura, M. Hartinger, N. Sivadas, L. L. Lyons, R. H. Varney, and V. Angelopoulos. Ionospheric Modulation by Storm Time Pc5 ULF Pulsations and the Structure Detected by PFISR-THEMIS Conjunction. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 47, issue 16, 2020 . W. Zhu, J.-Y. Chen, Q. Zhang, and J.-M. Zhang. Mapping of High-Spatial-Resolution Three-Dimensional Electron Density by Combing of Full-Polarimetric SAR and IRI Model. Frontiers in Earth Science, volume 8, 2020 . R. Clayton, K. Lynch, M. Zettergren, M. Burleigh, M. Conde, G. Grubbs, D. Hampton, D. Hysell, M. Lessard, R. Michell, A. Reimer, T. M. Roberts, M. Samara, and R. Varney. Two-Dimensional Maps of In Situ Ionospheric Plasma Flow Data Near Auroral Arcs Using Auroral Imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, issue 4, 2019 . A. Hu, B. Carter, J. Currie, R. Norman, S. Wu, X. Wang, and K. Zhang. Modeling of Topside Ionospheric Vertical Scale Height Based on Ionospheric Radio Occultation Measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, issue 6, 2019 . A. Kiene, W. A. Bristow, M. G. Conde, and D. L. Hampton. High‐resolution local measurements of F region ion temperatures and Joule heating rates using SuperDARN and ground‐based optics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, 2019 . J. Kong, F. Li, Y. Yao, Z. Wang, W. Peng, and Q. Zhang. Reconstruction of 2D/3D ionospheric disturbances in high-latitude and arctic regions during a geomagnetic storm using GNSS carrier TEC: a case study of the 2015 great storm. Journal of Geodesy, volume 93, issue 9, September 2019 . M. M. Lam, M. P. Freeman, C. M. Jackman, I. J. Rae, N. M. E. Kalmoni, J. K. Sandhu, and C. Forsyth. How Well Can We Estimate Pedersen Conductance From the THEMIS White-Light All-Sky Cameras? Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, issue 4, 2019 . J. Li. Lidar and radar studies of turbulence, instabilities, and waves in the Arctic middle atmosphere. PhD Thesis,, University of Alaska Fairbanks 2019 . N. Sivadas, J. Semeter, Y. Nishimura, and S. Mrak. Optical Signatures of the Outer Radiation Belt Boundary. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 46, issue 15, 2019 . D. R. Themens, P. Jayachandran, A. M. McCaffrey, B. Reid, and R. H. Varney. A Bottomside Parameterization for the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model. Radio Science, volume 54, issue 5, 2019 . J. Wang and Y. J. Morton. A Hybrid Correlation Model for the Spaced-Receiver Technique. Radio Science, volume 54, issue 3, 2019 . M. G. Conde, W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, and J. Elliott. Multiinstrument studies of thermospheric weather above Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . A. Kiene, W. A. Bristow, M. G. Conde, and D. L. Hampton. Measurements of ion‐neutral coupling in the auroral F region in response to increases in particle precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . J. S. Kim, K. Papathanassiou, F. Meyer, and D. Hampton. Monitoring of Auroral Activities over Fairbanks, Alaska, using SAR, PFISR and Keograms. IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Valencia, 2018 . J. Liang, E. Donovan, A. Reimer, D. Hampton, S. Zou, and R. Varney. Ionospheric electron heating associated with pulsating auroras: Joint optical and PFISR observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, pages 4430-4456, 2018 . S. Mrak, J. Semeter, M. Hirsch, G. Starr, D. Hampton, R. H. Varney, A. S. Reimer, J. Swoboda, P. J. Erickson, F. Lind, A. J. Coster, and V. Pankratius. Field-aligned GPS scintillation: Multisensor data fusion. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, pages 974-992, 2018 . M. R. Negale, M. J. Taylor, M. J. Nicolls, S. L. Vadas, K. Nielsen, and C. J. Heinselman. Seasonal propagation characteristics of MSTIDs observed at high latitudes over Central Alaska using the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . M. Negale. Investigating the Climatology of Mesospheric and Thermospheric Gravity Waves at High Northern Latitudes. PhD Thesis, Utah State University, 2018 . D. S. Ozturk, S. Zou, A. J. Ridley, and J. A. Slavin. Modeling study of the geospace system response to the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement on 17 March 2015. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . V. Sreenivash. Identifying E and F layer Ionospheric Irregularities with a Scintillation Auroral GPS Array. Master's Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, May 2018 . D. R. Themens, P. Jayachandran, and R. H. Varney. Examining the use of the NeQuick bottomside and topside parameterizations at high latitudes. Advances in Space Research, American Geophysical Union, volume 61, issue 1, pages 287-294, 2018 . D. R. Themens, P. T. Jayachandran, D. Bilitza, P. J. Erickson, I. Haggstrom, M. V. Lyashenko, B. Reid, R. H. Varney, and L. Pustovalova. Topside electron density representations for middle and high latitudes: A topside parameterization for E-CHAIM based on the NeQuick. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . C. C. Triplett, J. Li, R. L. Collins, G. A. Lehmacher, A. Barjatya, D. C. Fritts, B. Strelnikov, F.-J. Luebken, B. Thurairajah, V. L. Harvey, D. L. Hampton, and R. H. Varney. Observations of Reduced Turbulence and Wave Activity in the Arctic Middle Atmosphere Following the January 2015 Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . C. Wang, L. Chen, H. Zhao, and W. Guo. Verification of high-resolution and precision TEC retrieval based on the PALSAR full-polarimetric data. Proceedings: Active and Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring II, volume 10788, 2018 . J. Wang, Y. J. Morton, and D. Hampton. New results on ionospheric irregularity drift velocity estimation using multi-GNSS spaced-receiver array during high-latitude phase scintillation. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 53, 2018 . C. Watson, R. B. Langley, D. R. Themens, A. W. Yau, A. D. Howarth, and P. T. Jayachandran. Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe ionospheric radio occultation measurements at high latitudes: Receiver bias estimation and comparison with ground‐based observations. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 53, 2018 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Mesoscale F region neutral winds associated with quasi‐steady and transient nightside auroral forms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . H. Akbari, A. Bhatt, C. L. Hoz, and J. L. Semeter. Incoherent scatter plasma lines: Observations and applications. Space Sci Rev, volume 212, pages 249-294, 2017 . H. Akbari, L. V. Goodwin, J. Swoboda, J.-P. St.-Maurice, and J. L. Semeter. Extreme plasma convection and frictional heating of the ionosphere: ISR observations. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 122, pages 7581-7598, 2017 . M. Hirsch. Alfvén waves underlying ionospheric destabilization: ground-based observations. PhD Thesis, Boston University, 2017 . D. Janches, N. Swarnalingam, J. D. Carrillo-Sanchez, J. C. Gomez-Martin, R. Marshall, D. Nesvorny, J. M. C. Plane, W. Feng, and P. Pokorny. Radar Detectability Studies of Slow and Small Zodiacal Dust Cloud Particles. III. The Role of Sodium and the Head Echo Size on the Probability of Detection. The Astrophysical Journal, volume 843, issue 1, 2017 . L. Lamarche. Plasma Irregularity Production in the Polar Cap F-Region Ionosphere. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2017 . V. Lannér. Incoherent Scattering of Twisted Radar Beams from the Ionosphere. Master's Thesis, Uppsala University, 2017 . D. C. Loucks. Impact of High-Latitude Ionospheric E Region Enhancements on Global Positioning System Scintillations in the Alaskan Sector. PhD Thesis, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Graduate Theses & Dissertations, 2017 . D. Loucks, S. Palo, M. Pilinski, G. Crowley, I. Azeem, and D. Hampton. High-latitude GPS Phase Scintillation from E Region Electron Density Gradients During the December 20-21, 2015 Geomagnetic Storm. J. Geophys. Res., American Geophysical Union, 2017 . N. Sivadas, J. Semeter, Y. Nishimura, and A. Kero. Simultaneous measurements of substorm-related electron energization in the ionosphere and the plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 122, pages 10528-10547, October 2017 . Y. Su, S. Datta-Barua, G. S. Bust, and K. B. Deshpande. Distributed sensing of ionospheric irregularities with a GNSS receiver array. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 52, pages 988-1003, 2017 . J. P. Swoboda. Space-time sampling strategies for electronically steerable incoherent scatter radar. PhD Thesis, Boston University, 2017 . J. Wang and Y. T. Morton. A comparative study of ionospheric irregularity drift velocity derived from a GNSS receiver array and Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements during high-latitude ionospheric scintillation. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 122, pages 6858-6881, 2017 . S. Zou, D. Ozturk, R. Varney, and A. Reimer. Effects of sudden commencement on the ionosphere: PFISR observations and global MHD simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., issue 44, 2017 . S. Zou, A. Ridley, X. Jia, E. Boyd, M. Nicolls, A. Coster, E. Thomas, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. PFISR observation of intense ion upflow fluxes associated with an SED during the 1 June 2013 geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 122, 2017 . H. W. Bourne. An Algorithm for Accurate Ionospheric Total Electron Content and Receiver Bias Estimation using GPS Measurements. Master's Thesis, Colorado State University, 2016 . P. A. Fernandes, K. A. Lynch, M. Zettergren, D. L. Hampton, T. A. Bekkeng, I. J. Cohen, M. Conde, L. E. Fisher, P. Horak, M. R. Lessard, R. J. Miceli, R. G. Michell, J. I. Moen, and S. P. Powell. Measuring the seeds of ion outflow: Auroral sounding rocket observations of low-altitude ion heating and circulation. J. Geophys. Res., volume 121, pages 1587-1607, 2016 . J. Li. Radar Studies of Turbulence and Lidar Studies of The Nickel Layers in The Arctic Mesosphere. Master's Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016 . L. R. Lyons, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, S. Zou, J. M. Weygand, Y. Nishimura, W. Li, M. Gkioulidou, V. Angelopoulos, E. F. Donovan, J. M. Ruohoniemi, B. J. Anderson, S. G. Shepherd, and N. Nishitani. The 17 March 2013 storm: Synergy of observations related to electric field modes and their ionospheric and magnetospheric Effects. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . Y. Yamazaki, M. Kosch, Y. Ogawa, and D. Themens. High-latitude ion temperature climatology during the International Polar Year 2007–2008. J. Space Weather Space Clim., volume 6, 2016 . C. Yue, W. Li, Y. Nishimura, Q. Zong, Q. Ma, J. Bortnik, R. M. Thorne, G. D. Reeves, H. E. Spence, C. A. Kletzing, J. R. Wygant, and M. J. Nicolls. Rapid enhancement of low-energy (<100 eV) ion flux in response to interplanetary shocks based on two Van Allen Probes case studies: Implications for source regions and heating mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, issue 121, 2016 . S.-R. Zhang, J. M. Holt, P. J. Erickson, L. P. Goncharenko, M. J. Nicolls, M. McCready, and J. Kelly. Ionospheric ion temperature climate and upper atmospheric long-term cooling. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . H. Akbari, J. L. Semeter, M. A. Hirsch, P. Guio, and M. J. Nicolls. Evidence for generation of unstable suprathermal electron population in the auroral F-region. Geophys. Res. Lett., Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 42, pages 185-192, 2015 . S. Datta-Barua, Y. Su, K. Deshpande, D. Miladinovich, G. S. Bust, D. Hampton, and G. Crowley. First light from a kilometer-baseline Scintillation Auroral GPS Array. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 42, pages 3639-3646, 2015 . S. R. Kaeppler, D. L. Hampton, M. J. Nicolls, A. Strømme, S. C. Solomon, J. H. Hecht, and M. G. Conde. An investigation comparing ground-based techniques that quantify auroral electron flux and conductance. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, volume 120, pages 9038-9056, 2015 . J. Liu, T. Nakamura, L. Liu, W. Wang, N. Balan, T. Nishiyama, M. R. Hairston, and E. G. Thomas. Formation of polar ionospheric tongue of ionization during minor geomagnetic disturbed conditions. J. Geophys. Res., volume 120, issue 8, pages 6860-6873, 2015 . L. R. Liuzzo, A. J. Ridley, N. J. Perlongo, E. J. Mitchell, M. Conde, D. L. Hampton, W. A. Bristow, and M. J. Nicolls. High-latitude ionospheric drivers and their effects on wind patterns in the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., volume 120, pages 715-735, 2015 . K. A. Lynch, D. L. Hampton, M. Zettergren, T. A. Bekkeng, M. Conde, P. A. Fernandes, P. Horak, M. Lessard, R. Miceli, R. Michell, J. Moen, M. Nicolls, S. P. Powell, and M. Samara. MICA sounding rocket observations of conductivity-gradient-generated auroral ionospheric responses: Small-scale structure with large-scale drivers. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, volume 120, pages 9661-9682, 2015 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, M. J. Nicolls, S. Chen, D. L. Hampton, W. A. Bristow, J. M. Ruohoniemi, N. Nishitani, E. F. Donovan, and V. Angelopoulos. Azimuthal flow bursts in the Inner Plasma Sheet and Possible Connection with SAPS and Plasma Sheet Earthward Flow Bursts. J. Geophys. Res., volume 120, pages 5009-5021, 2015 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, B. Gallardo-Lacourt, Y. Zou, E. F. Donovan, S. Mende, V. Angelopoulos, J. M. Ruohoniemi, K. A. McWilliams, D. L. Hampton, and M. J. Nicolls. Dynamics Related to Plasmasheet Flow Bursts as Revealed from the Aurora. Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather (eds. Y. Zhang and L. J. Paxton), John Wiley & Sons, 2015 . R. A. Makarevich and W. A. Bristow. Coordinated radar observations of plasma wave characteristics in the auroral F region. Ann. Geophys., volume 32, issue 7, pages 875-888, 2015 . M. J. Nicolls. Space Debris Measurements using the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar. AMOS, 2015 . H. Akbari and J. L. Semeter. Aspect angle dependence of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, 2014 . H. Bahcivan, J. W. Cutler, J. C. Springmann, R. Doe, and M. J. Nicolls. Magnetic aspect sensitivity of high-latitude E region irregularities measured by the RAX CubeSat. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 1233-1249, 2014 . M. Broughton. Ground and Space Observations of Auroral Medium Frequency Radio Emissions. Ph.D. Thesis, Dartmouth College, 2014 . L. Goodwin, J.-P. St.-Maurice, P. Richards, M. Hairston, and M. Nicolls. F region dusk ion temperature spikes at the equatorward edge of the high latitude convection pattern. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 41, pages 300-307, 2014 . K. Gudivada. Detection of F-region electron density irregularities using incoherent-scatter radar. Master's Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2014 . D. Janches, N. Swarnalingam, J. Plane, D. Nesvorny, W. Feng, D. Vokrouhlicky, and M. Nicolls. Radar detectability studies of slow and small Zodiacal Dust Cloud Particles: II. A study of three radars with di erent sensitivity. The Astrophysical Journal, volume 796, issue 41, 2014 . S. R. Kaeppler, M. J. Nicolls, A. Strømme, C. A. Kletzing, and S. R. Bounds. Observations in the E-region ionosphere of kappa distribution functions associated with precipitating auroral electrons and discrete aurorae. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 10164-10183, 2014 . M. J. Nicolls, R. Cosgrove, and H. Bahcivan. Estimating the vector electric field using monostatic, multibeam incoherent scatter radar measurements. Radio Sci., volume 49, pages 1124-1139, 2014 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, D. L. Hampton, R. G. Michell, M. Samara, W. A. Bristow, E. F. Donovan, E. Spanswick, V. Angelopoulos, and S. B. Mende. Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between pre-onset flow bursts and waves that leads to substorm onset. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 3333-3344, 2014 . D. L. Oltrogge, P. North, and M. J. Nicolls. MULTI-PHENOMENOLOGY OBSERVATION NETWORK EVALUATION TOOL (MONET). AMOS, 2014 . P. G. Richards, M. J. Nicolls, J.-P. St.-Maurice, L. Goodwin, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. Investigation of sudden electron density depletions observed in the dusk sector by the Poker Flat, Alaska incoherent scatter radar in summer. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 10608-10620, 2014 . J. J. Sojka, R. W. Schunk, and M. J. Nicolls. Ionospheric Ion Temperature Forecasting in Multiples of 27 Days. Space Weather, volume 12, pages 148-160, 2014 . R. L. Whittier. Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar investigations of the nighttime E-region. Master's Thesis, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 2014 . M. Zettergren, K. Lynch, D. Hampton, M. Nicolls, B. Wright, M. Conde, J. Moen, M. Lessard, R. Miceli, and S. Powell. Auroral ionospheric F region density cavity formation and evolution: MICA campaign results. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 3162-3178, 2014 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, A. J. Ridley, M. J. Nicolls, A. J. Coster, E. G. Thomas, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. On the generation/decay of the storm-enhanced density plumes: Role of the convection flow and field-aligned ion flow. J. Geophys. Res., 2014 . H. Akbari, J. L. Semeter, M. J. Nicolls, M. Broughton, and J. W. LaBelle. On the localization of auroral Langmuir turbulence in thin layers. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 3576-3583, 2013 . C. Anderson, M. J. Kosch, M. J. Nicolls, and M. Conde. Ion-neutral coupling in Earth's thermosphere, estimated from concurrent radar and optical observations over Alaska. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., pages 313-324, 2013 . T. W. Butler. SPATIAL STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF EARTH'S IONOSPHERE. Ph.D. Thesis, Boston University, 2013 . C. T. Fallen and B. J. Watkins. Diurnal and seasonal variation of electron heat flux measured with the Poker Flat Incoherent-Scatter Radar. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, issue 8, pages 5327-5332, 2013 . L. Goodwin. F-region Dusk Ion Temperature Spikes at the Equatorward Edge of the High Latitude Convection Region. Master's Thesis, University of Saskatchewan, 2013 . R. A. Makarevich, A. V. Koustov, and M. J. Nicolls. Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar observations of anomalous electron heating in the E-region. Ann. Geophys., volume 31, pages 1163-1176, 2013 . R. A. Makarevich and M. J. Nicolls. Statistical comparison of TEC derived from GPS and ISR observations at high latitudes. Radio Sci., volume 48, pages 441-452, 2013 . R. Michell and M. Samara. Observability of NEIALs with the Sondrestrom and Poker Flat incoherent scatter radars. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., pages 299-307, 2013 . S. Zou, A. Ridley, M. Moldwin, M. Nicolls, A. Coster, and M. Ruohoniemi. Multi-instrument Observations of Storm Enhanced Density (SED) during Oct. 24-25 2011 Storm: Implications for SED Formation Processes. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 7798-7809, 2013 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, M. J. Nicolls, A. J. Ridley, A. J. Coster, E. Yizengaw, L. R. Lyons, and E. F. Donovan. Electrodynamics of the high-latitude trough: its relationship with convection flows and field-aligned currents. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 2565-2572, 2013 . H. Akbari, J. L. Semeter, H. Dahlgren, M. Diaz, M. Zettergren, A. Strømme, M. J. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Anomalous ISR echoes preceding auroral breakup: Evidence for strong Langmuir turbulence. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 39, 2012 . H. Bahcivan and J. W. Cutler. Radio Aurora Explorer: Mission science and radar system. Radio Sci., volume 47, 2012 . H. Bahcivan, J. W. Cutler, M. Bennett, B. Kempke, J. C. Springmann, J. Buonocore, M. Nicolls, and R. Doe. First measurements of radar coherent scatter by the Radio Aurora Explorer CubeSat. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 39, 2012 . J. K. Burchill, J. H. Clemmons, D. J. Knudsen, M. Larsen, M. J. Nicolls, R. F. Pfaff, D. Rowland, and L. Sangalli. High-latitude E region ionosphere-thermosphere coupling: A comparative study using in situ and incoherent scatter radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . J. T. Fentzke, V. Hsu, C. G. M. Brum, I. Strelnikova, M. Rapp, and M. Nicolls. D region meteoric smoke and neutral temperature retrieval using the poker flat incoherent scatter radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 39, issue 21, 2012 . D. Hysell, R. Miceli, J. Munk, D. Hampton, C. Heinselman, M. Nicolls, S. Powell, K. Lynch, and M. Lessard. Comparing VHF coherent scatter from the radar aurora with incoherent scatter and all-sky auroral imagery. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . T. B. Leyser, F. Waldemarsson, and S. C. Buchert. Plasma angular momentum effects and twisted incoherent scatter radar beams. Radio Sci., volume 47, issue 5, 2012 . K. A. Lynch, D. Hampton, M. Mella, B. Zhang, H. Dahlgren, M. Disbrow, P. M. Kintner, M. Lessard, E. Lundberg, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. Structure and dynamics of the nightside poleward boundary: Sounding rocket and ground-based observations of auroral electron precipitation in a rayed curtain. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . M. J. Nicolls, S. L. Vadas, J. W. Meriwether, M. G. Conde, and D. Hampton. The phases and amplitudes of gravity waves propagating and dissipating in the thermosphere: Application to measurements over Alaska. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . M. J. Nicolls, D. C. Fritts, D. Janches, and C. J. Heinselman. Momentum flux determination using the multi-beam Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. Ann. Geophys., volume 30, issue 6, pages 945-962, 2012 . S. L. Vadas and M. J. Nicolls. The phases and amplitudes of gravity waves propagating and dissipating in the thermosphere: Theory. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . R. Volz and S. Close. Inverse filtering of radar signals using compressed sensing with application to meteors. Radio Sci., volume 47, 2012 . J. Liang, E. Spanswick, M. J. Nicolls, E. F. Donovan, D. Lummerzheim, and W. W. Liu. Multi-instrument observations of soft electron precipitation and its association with magnetospheric flows. J. Geophys. Res., volume 116, 2011 . M. R. Mella, K. A. Lynch, D. L. Hampton, H. Dahlgren, P. M. Kintner, M. Lessard, D. Lummerzheim, E. T. Lundberg, M. J. Nicolls, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. Sounding rocket study of two sequential auroral poleward boundary intensifications. J. Geophys. Res., volume 116, 2011 . J. J. Sojka, M. Nicolls, A. van Eyken, C. Heinselman, and D. Bilitza. 24/7 Solar minimum polar cap and auroral ion temperature observations. Advances in Space Research, volume 48, 2011 . R. H. Varney, M. C. Kelley, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and R. L. Collins. The electron density dependence of polar mesospheric summer echoes. J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy, volume 73, 2011 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, A. Coster, L. R. Lyons, and M. J. Nicolls. GPS TEC observations of dynamics of the mid-latitude trough during substorms. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 38, 2011 . T. W. Butler, J. Semeter, C. J. Heinselman, and M. J. Nicolls. Imaging F region drifts using monostatic phased-array incoherent scatter radar. Radio Sci., volume 45, 2010 . M. G. Conde and M. J. Nicolls. Thermospheric temperatures above Poker Flat, Alaska, during the stratospheric warming event of January and February 2009. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. Cosgrove, M. Nicolls, H. Dahlgren, S. Ranjan, E. Sanchez, and R. Doe. Radar detection of a localized 1.4 Hz pulsation in auroral plasma, simultaneous with pulsating optical emissions, during a substorm. Ann Geophys, volume 28, 2010 . M. C. Kelley, M. J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, R. L. Collins, R. Doe, J. M. C. Plane, J. Thayer, M. Taylor, B. Thurairajah, and K. Mizutani. Radar, lidar, and optical observations in the polar summer mesosphere shortly after a space shuttle launch. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, Y. Shi, S. Zou, H.-J. Kim, V. Angelopoulos, C. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, and K.-H. Fornacon. Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: Incoherent-scatter radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. G. Michell and M. Samara. High-resolution observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines and accompanying auroral fine structures. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. G. Michell. Simultaneous optical and radar measurements of meteors using the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy, volume 72, 2010 . M. J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, S. L. Vadas, P. A. Stamus, C. J. Heinselman, R. B. Cosgrove, and M. C. Kelley. Influence of an inertia-gravity wave on mesospheric dynamics: A case study with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, S. Zou, X. Xing, V. Angelopoulos, S. B. Mende, J. W. Bonnell, D. Larson, U. Auster, T. Hori, N. Nishitani, K. Hosokawa, G. Sofko, M. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Preonset time sequence of auroral substorms: Coordinated observations by all-sky imagers, satellites, and radars. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . M. Samara and R. G. Michell. Ground-based observations of diffuse auroral frequencies in the context of whistler mode chorus. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . J. Semeter, T. W. Butler, M. Zettergren, C. J. Heinselman, and M. J. Nicolls. Composite imaging of auroral forms and convective flows during a substorm cycle. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . J. J. Sparks, D. Janches, M. J. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Determination of physical and radiant meteor properties using PFISR interferometry measurements of head echoes. J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy, volume 72, 2010 . S.-R. Zhang, J. M. Holt, A. P. van Eyken, C. Heinselman, and M. McCready. IPY observations of ionospheric yearly variations from high- to middle-latitude incoherent scatter radars. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, M. Hirahara, T. Sakanoi, K. Asamura, M. J. Nicolls, Y. Miyashita, S. B. Mende, and C. J. Heinselman. Identification of substorm onset location and preonset sequence using Reimei, THEMIS GBO, PFISR, and Geotail. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . H. Bahcivan, M. C. Kelley, and J. W. Cutler. Radar and rocket comparison of UHF radar scattering from auroral electrojet irregularities: Implications for a nanosatellite radar. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . J. L. Chau, F. R. Galindo, C. J. Heinselman, and M. J. Nicolls. Meteor-head echo observations using an antenna compression approach with the 450 MHz Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 636-643, 2009 . J. T. Fentzke, D. Janches, and J. J. Sparks. Latitudinal and seasonal variability of the micrometeor input function: A study using model predictions and observations from Arecibo and PFISR. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 653-661, 2009 . D. L. Hysell, G. Michhue, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and M. F. Larsen. Assessing auroral electric field variance with coherent and incoherent scatter radar. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 697-707, 2009 . D. Janches, D. C. Fritts, M. J. Nicolls, and C. J. Heinselman. Observations of D-region structure and atmospheric tides with PFISR during active aurora. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 688-696, 2009 . S. L. Jones, M. R. Lessard, P. A. Fernandes, D. Lummerzheim, J. L. Semeter, C. J. Heinselman, K. A. Lynch, R. G. Michell, P. M. Kintner, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and K. Asamura. PFISR and ROPA observations of pulsating aurora. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 708-716, 2009 . J. D. Kelly and C. J. Heinselman. Initial results from Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 635, 2009 . M. J. Kosch, B. Gustavsson, C. Heinselman, T. Pedersen, M. T. Rietveld, J. Spaleta, A. Wong, W. Wang, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, and J. Hughes. First incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric heating on the second electron gyro-harmonic. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 1, pages 1959-1966, 2009 . D. J. Livneh, I. Seker, F. T. Djuth, and J. D. Mathews. Omnipresent vertically coherent fluctuations in the ionosphere with a possible worldwide-midlatitude extent. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . L. R. Lyons, S. Zou, C. J. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, and P. C. Anderson. Poker flat radar observations of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling electrodynamics of the earthward penetrating plasma sheet following convection enhancements. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 717-728, 2009 . L. R. Lyons, H.-J. Kim, X. Xing, S. Zou, D.-Y. Lee, C. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, V. Angelopoulos, D. Larson, J. McFadden, A. Runov, and K.-H. Fornacon. Evidence that solar wind fluctuations substantially affect global convection and substorm occurrence. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . R. G. Michell, K. A. Lynch, C. J. Heinselman, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. High time resolution PFISR and optical observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines. Ann. Geophys., volume 27, issue 4, pages 1457-1467, 2009 . M. J. Nicolls, M. C. Kelley, R. H. Varney, and C. J. Heinselman. Spectral observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes at 33 cm (450 MHz) with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 662-674, 2009 . P. G. Richards, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, J. J. Sojka, J. M. Holt, and R. R. Meier. Measured and modeled ionospheric densities, temperatures, and winds during the international polar year. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . A. Roy, S. J. Briczinski, J. F. Doherty, and J. D. Mathews. Genetic-Algorithm-Based Parameter Estimation Technique for Fragmenting Radar Meteor Head Echoes. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, volume 6, pages 363-367, 2009 . L. Sangalli. SOUNDING ROCKET PROBING OF THE IONOSPHERIC COLLISIONAL TRANSITION REGION. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calgary, 2009 . L. Sangalli, D. J. Knudsen, M. F. Larsen, T. Zhan, R. F. Pfaff, and D. Rowland. Rocket-based measurements of ion velocity, neutral wind, and electric field in the collisional transition region of the auroral ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . J. Semeter, T. Butler, C. Heinselman, M. Nicolls, J. Kelly, and D. Hampton. Volumetric imaging of the auroral ionosphere: Initial results from PFISR. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 738-743, 2009 . J. J. Sojka, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and J. D. Kelly. The PFISR IPY observations of ionospheric climate and weather. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 771-785, 2009 . J. J. Sojka, R. L. McPherron, A. P. van Eyken, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and J. D. Kelly. Observations of ionospheric heating during the passage of solar coronal hole fast streams. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 36, issue 1, 2009 . J. J. Sparks, D. Janches, M. J. Nicolls, and C. J. Heinselman. Seasonal and diurnal variability of the meteor flux at high latitudes observed using PFISR. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 644-652, 2009 . J. J. Sparks and D. Janches. Correction to “Latitudinal dependence of the variability of the micrometeor altitude distribution”. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 36, issue 1, 2009 . J. J. Sparks and D. Janches. Latitudinal dependence of the variability of the micrometeor altitude distribution. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 36, 2009 . M. J. Taylor, Y. Zhao, P.-D. Pautet, M. J. Nicolls, R. L. Collins, J. Barker-Tvedtnes, C. D. Burton, B. Thurairajah, J. Reimuller, R. H. Varney, C. J. Heinselman, and K. Mizutani. Coordinated optical and radar image measurements of noctilucent clouds and polar mesospheric summer echoes. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 675-687, 2009 . S. L. Vadas and M. J. Nicolls. Temporal evolution of neutral, thermospheric winds and plasma response using PFISR measurements of gravity waves. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 744-770, 2009 . R. H. Varney, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and M. C. Kelley. Observations of polar mesospheric summer echoes using PFISR during the summer of 2007. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 3, pages 470-476, 2009 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and S. B. Mende. Nightside ionospheric electrodynamics associated with substorms: PFISR and THEMIS ASI observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, and C. J. Heinselman. PFISR observations of strong azimuthal flow bursts in the ionosphere and their relation to nightside aurora. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 729-737, 2009 . B. Gustavsson, M. Kosch, A. Wong, T. Pedersen, C. Heinselman, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, J. Hughes, and W. Wang. First estimates of volume distribution of HF-pump enhanced emissions at 6300 and 5577 Å: a comparison between observations and theory. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 1, pages 3999-4012, 2008 . C. J. Heinselman and M. J. Nicolls. A Bayesian approach to electric field and E-region neutral wind estimation with the Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar. Radio Sci., volume 43, issue 5, 2008 . D. L. Hysell, G. Michhue, M. F. Larsen, R. Pfaff, M. Nicolls, C. Heinselman, and H. Bahcivan. Imaging radar observations of Farley Buneman waves during the JOULE II experiment. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 7, pages 1837-1850, 2008 . J. D. Mathews, S. J. Briczinski, D. D. Meisel, and C. J. Heinselman. Radio and Meteor Science Outcomes From Comparisons of Meteor Radar Observations at AMISR Poker Flat, Sondrestrom, and Arecibo. Earth Moon Planet, volume 102, pages 365-372, 2008 . R. G. Michell, K. A. Lynch, C. J. Heinselman, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. PFISR nightside observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines, and their relation to boundary auroral features. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 1, pages 3623-3639, 2008 . I. Sandahl, T. Sergienko, and U. Brändström. Fine structure of optical aurora. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 70, issue 1, pages 2275-2292, 2008 . S. L. Vadas and M. J. Nicolls. Using PFISR measurements and gravity wave dissipative theory to determine the neutral, background thermospheric winds. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 35, issue 2, 2008 . M. J. Nicolls and C. J. Heinselman. Three-dimensional measurements of traveling ionospheric disturbances with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 34, issue 2, 2007 . M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, E. A. Hope, S. Ranjan, M. C. Kelley, and J. D. Kelly. Imaging of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes with the 450 MHz Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 34, issue 2, 2007 .