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High‐resolution local measurements of F region ion temperatures and Joule heating rates using SuperDARN and ground‐based optics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 124, 2019 . J. Li. Lidar and radar studies of turbulence, instabilities, and waves in the Arctic middle atmosphere. PhD Thesis,, University of Alaska Fairbanks 2019 . N. Sivadas, J. Semeter, Y. Nishimura, and S. Mrak. Optical Signatures of the Outer Radiation Belt Boundary. Geophysical Research Letters, volume 46, issue 15, 2019 . J. Wang and Y. J. Morton. A Hybrid Correlation Model for the Spaced-Receiver Technique. Radio Science, volume 54, issue 3, 2019 . M. G. Conde, W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, and J. Elliott. Multiinstrument studies of thermospheric weather above Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . G. I. I. Grubbs, R. Michell, M. Samara, D. Hampton, J. Hecht, and J.-M. Jahn. A comparative study of spectral auroral intensity predictions from multiple electron transport models. J. of Geophys. Res.: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . J. H. Hecht, J. H. Clemmons, M. G. Conde, D. L. Hampton, R. G. Michell, D. Rowland, R. F. Pfaff, , and R. L. Walterscheid. Observations of spatial variations in O/N2 during an auroral substorm using the multichannel downlooking camera on the VISIONS rocket. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 123, 2018 . A. Kiene, W. A. Bristow, M. G. Conde, and D. L. Hampton. Measurements of ion‐neutral coupling in the auroral F region in response to increases in particle precipitation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . J. Liang, E. Donovan, A. Reimer, D. Hampton, S. Zou, and R. Varney. Ionospheric electron heating associated with pulsating auroras: Joint optical and PFISR observations. 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Observations of Reduced Turbulence and Wave Activity in the Arctic Middle Atmosphere Following the January 2015 Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union, volume 123, 2018 . J. Wang, Y. J. Morton, and D. Hampton. New results on ionospheric irregularity drift velocity estimation using multi-GNSS spaced-receiver array during high-latitude phase scintillation. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 53, 2018 . Y. Zou, Y. Nishimura, L. Lyons, M. Conde, R. Varney, V. Angelopoulos, and S. Mende. Mesoscale F region neutral winds associated with quasi‐steady and transient nightside auroral forms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, volume 123, 2018 . M. Dhadly, J. Emmert, D. Drob, M. Conde, E. Doornbos, G. Shepherd, J. Makela, Q. Wu, R. Niciejewski, and A. Ridley. 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GPS signal corruption by the discrete Aurora: Precise measurements from the Mahali experiment. Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union, volume 44, pages 9539-9546, 2017 . N. Sivadas, J. Semeter, Y. Nishimura, and A. Kero. Simultaneous measurements of substorm-related electron energization in the ionosphere and the plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 122, pages 10528-10547, October 2017 . Y. Su. Kilometer-Spaced GNSS Array for Ionospheric Irregularity Monitoring. PhD Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2017 . Y. Su, S. Datta-Barua, G. S. Bust, and K. B. Deshpande. Distributed sensing of ionospheric irregularities with a GNSS receiver array. Radio Science, American Geophysical Union, volume 52, pages 988-1003, 2017 . J. Wang and Y. T. Morton. A comparative study of ionospheric irregularity drift velocity derived from a GNSS receiver array and Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements during high-latitude ionospheric scintillation. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, volume 122, pages 6858-6881, 2017 . S. Zou, D. Ozturk, R. Varney, and A. Reimer. Effects of sudden commencement on the ionosphere: PFISR observations and global MHD simulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., issue 44, 2017 . S. Zou, A. Ridley, X. Jia, E. Boyd, M. Nicolls, A. Coster, E. Thomas, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. PFISR observation of intense ion upflow fluxes associated with an SED during the 1 June 2013 geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 122, 2017 . H. W. Bourne. An Algorithm for Accurate Ionospheric Total Electron Content and Receiver Bias Estimation using GPS Measurements. Master's Thesis, Colorado State University, 2016 . W. A. Bristow, D. L. Hampton, and A. Otto. High-spatial-resolution velocity measurements derived using Local Divergence-Free Fitting of SuperDARN observations. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . P. A. Fernandes, K. A. Lynch, M. Zettergren, D. L. Hampton, T. A. Bekkeng, I. J. Cohen, M. Conde, L. E. Fisher, P. Horak, M. R. Lessard, R. J. Miceli, R. G. Michell, J. I. Moen, and S. P. Powell. Measuring the seeds of ion outflow: Auroral sounding rocket observations of low-altitude ion heating and circulation. J. Geophys. Res., volume 121, pages 1587-1607, 2016 . G. I. I. Grubbs, R. Michell, M. Samara, D. Hampton, and J.-M. Jahn. A synthesis of star calibration techniques for ground-based narrowband EMCCD imagers used in Auroral Photometry. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, American Geophysical Union, issue 121, 2016 . J. Li. Radar Studies of Turbulence and Lidar Studies of The Nickel Layers in The Arctic Mesosphere. Master's Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016 . S. Datta-Barua, Y. Su, K. Deshpande, D. Miladinovich, G. S. Bust, D. Hampton, and G. Crowley. First light from a kilometer-baseline Scintillation Auroral GPS Array. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 42, pages 3639-3646, 2015 . C. Goenka, J. Semeter, J. Noto, J. Baumgardner, J. Riccobono, M. Migliozzi, H. Dahlgren, R. Marshall, S. Kapali, M. Hirsch, D. Hampton, and H. Akbari. LiCHI - Liquid Crystal Hyperspectral Imager for simultaneous multispectral imaging in aeronomy. Opt. Express, volume 23, pages 17772-17782, 2015 . S. R. Kaeppler, D. L. Hampton, M. J. Nicolls, A. Strømme, S. C. Solomon, J. H. Hecht, and M. G. Conde. An investigation comparing ground-based techniques that quantify auroral electron flux and conductance. J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, volume 120, pages 9038-9056, 2015 . J. Liu, T. Nakamura, L. Liu, W. Wang, N. Balan, T. Nishiyama, M. R. Hairston, and E. G. Thomas. Formation of polar ionospheric tongue of ionization during minor geomagnetic disturbed conditions. J. Geophys. 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Observations in the E-region ionosphere of kappa distribution functions associated with precipitating auroral electrons and discrete aurorae. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 10164-10183, 2014 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, D. L. Hampton, R. G. Michell, M. Samara, W. A. Bristow, E. F. Donovan, E. Spanswick, V. Angelopoulos, and S. B. Mende. Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between pre-onset flow bursts and waves that leads to substorm onset. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 3333-3344, 2014 . P. G. Richards, M. J. Nicolls, J.-P. St.-Maurice, L. Goodwin, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. Investigation of sudden electron density depletions observed in the dusk sector by the Poker Flat, Alaska incoherent scatter radar in summer. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 10608-10620, 2014 . R. L. Whittier. Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar investigations of the nighttime E-region. Master's Thesis, Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 2014 . M. Zettergren, K. Lynch, D. Hampton, M. Nicolls, B. Wright, M. Conde, J. Moen, M. Lessard, R. Miceli, and S. Powell. Auroral ionospheric F region density cavity formation and evolution: MICA campaign results. J. Geophys. Res., volume 119, pages 3162-3178, 2014 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, A. J. Ridley, M. J. Nicolls, A. J. Coster, E. G. Thomas, and J. M. Ruohoniemi. On the generation/decay of the storm-enhanced density plumes: Role of the convection flow and field-aligned ion flow. J. Geophys. Res., 2014 . H. Akbari, J. L. Semeter, M. J. Nicolls, M. Broughton, and J. W. LaBelle. On the localization of auroral Langmuir turbulence in thin layers. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 3576-3583, 2013 . C. Anderson, M. J. Kosch, M. J. Nicolls, and M. Conde. Ion-neutral coupling in Earth's thermosphere, estimated from concurrent radar and optical observations over Alaska. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., pages 313-324, 2013 . T. W. Butler. SPATIAL STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF EARTH'S IONOSPHERE. Ph.D. Thesis, Boston University, 2013 . R. Michell and M. Samara. Observability of NEIALs with the Sondrestrom and Poker Flat incoherent scatter radars. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., pages 299-307, 2013 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, M. J. Nicolls, A. J. Ridley, A. J. Coster, E. Yizengaw, L. R. Lyons, and E. F. Donovan. Electrodynamics of the high-latitude trough: its relationship with convection flows and field-aligned currents. J. Geophys. Res., volume 118, pages 2565-2572, 2013 . H. Akbari, J. L. Semeter, H. Dahlgren, M. Diaz, M. Zettergren, A. Strømme, M. J. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Anomalous ISR echoes preceding auroral breakup: Evidence for strong Langmuir turbulence. Geophys. Res. Lett., volume 39, 2012 . J. K. Burchill, J. H. Clemmons, D. J. Knudsen, M. Larsen, M. J. Nicolls, R. F. Pfaff, D. Rowland, and L. Sangalli. High-latitude E region ionosphere-thermosphere coupling: A comparative study using in situ and incoherent scatter radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . D. Hysell, R. Miceli, J. Munk, D. Hampton, C. Heinselman, M. Nicolls, S. Powell, K. Lynch, and M. Lessard. Comparing VHF coherent scatter from the radar aurora with incoherent scatter and all-sky auroral imagery. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . K. A. Lynch, D. Hampton, M. Mella, B. Zhang, H. Dahlgren, M. Disbrow, P. M. Kintner, M. Lessard, E. Lundberg, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. Structure and dynamics of the nightside poleward boundary: Sounding rocket and ground-based observations of auroral electron precipitation in a rayed curtain. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . T. Nishiyama, T. Sakanoi, Y. Miyoshi, R. Kataoka, D. L. Hampton, Y. Katoh, K. Asamura, and S. Okano. Fine scale structures of pulsating auroras in the early recovery phase of substorm using ground-based EMCCD camera. J. Geophys. Res., volume 117, 2012 . T. W. Garner, R. B. Harris, J. A. York, C. S. Herbster, C. F. I. Minter, and D. L. Hampton. An auroral scintillation observation using precise, collocated GPS receivers. Radio Sci., volume 46, issue 1, 2011 . J. Liang, E. Spanswick, M. J. Nicolls, E. F. Donovan, D. Lummerzheim, and W. W. Liu. Multi-instrument observations of soft electron precipitation and its association with magnetospheric flows. J. Geophys. Res., volume 116, 2011 . M. R. Mella, K. A. Lynch, D. L. Hampton, H. Dahlgren, P. M. Kintner, M. Lessard, D. Lummerzheim, E. T. Lundberg, M. J. Nicolls, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. Sounding rocket study of two sequential auroral poleward boundary intensifications. J. Geophys. Res., volume 116, 2011 . T. W. Butler, J. Semeter, C. J. Heinselman, and M. J. Nicolls. Imaging F region drifts using monostatic phased-array incoherent scatter radar. Radio Sci., volume 45, 2010 . M. G. Conde and M. J. Nicolls. Thermospheric temperatures above Poker Flat, Alaska, during the stratospheric warming event of January and February 2009. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. Cosgrove, M. Nicolls, H. Dahlgren, S. Ranjan, E. Sanchez, and R. Doe. Radar detection of a localized 1.4 Hz pulsation in auroral plasma, simultaneous with pulsating optical emissions, during a substorm. Ann Geophys, volume 28, 2010 . M. C. Kelley, M. J. Nicolls, R. H. Varney, R. L. Collins, R. Doe, J. M. C. Plane, J. Thayer, M. Taylor, B. Thurairajah, and K. Mizutani. Radar, lidar, and optical observations in the polar summer mesosphere shortly after a space shuttle launch. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, Y. Shi, S. Zou, H.-J. Kim, V. Angelopoulos, C. Heinselman, M. J. Nicolls, and K.-H. Fornacon. Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: Incoherent-scatter radar observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. G. Michell and M. Samara. High-resolution observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines and accompanying auroral fine structures. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . R. G. Michell. Simultaneous optical and radar measurements of meteors using the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar. J Atmos Sol-Terr Phy, volume 72, 2010 . Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, S. Zou, X. Xing, V. Angelopoulos, S. B. Mende, J. W. Bonnell, D. Larson, U. Auster, T. Hori, N. Nishitani, K. Hosokawa, G. Sofko, M. Nicolls, and C. Heinselman. Preonset time sequence of auroral substorms: Coordinated observations by all-sky imagers, satellites, and radars. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . M. Samara and R. G. Michell. Ground-based observations of diffuse auroral frequencies in the context of whistler mode chorus. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . J. Semeter, T. W. Butler, M. Zettergren, C. J. Heinselman, and M. J. Nicolls. Composite imaging of auroral forms and convective flows during a substorm cycle. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . S. Zou, M. B. Moldwin, L. R. Lyons, Y. Nishimura, M. Hirahara, T. Sakanoi, K. Asamura, M. J. Nicolls, Y. Miyashita, S. B. Mende, and C. J. Heinselman. Identification of substorm onset location and preonset sequence using Reimei, THEMIS GBO, PFISR, and Geotail. J. Geophys. Res., volume 115, 2010 . S. L. Jones, M. R. Lessard, P. A. Fernandes, D. Lummerzheim, J. L. Semeter, C. J. Heinselman, K. A. Lynch, R. G. Michell, P. M. Kintner, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and K. Asamura. PFISR and ROPA observations of pulsating aurora. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 708-716, 2009 . J. D. Kelly and C. J. Heinselman. Initial results from Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 635, 2009 . M. J. Kosch, B. Gustavsson, C. Heinselman, T. Pedersen, M. T. Rietveld, J. Spaleta, A. Wong, W. Wang, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, and J. Hughes. First incoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric heating on the second electron gyro-harmonic. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 1, pages 1959-1966, 2009 . R. G. Michell, K. A. Lynch, C. J. Heinselman, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. High time resolution PFISR and optical observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines. Ann. Geophys., volume 27, issue 4, pages 1457-1467, 2009 . L. Sangalli. SOUNDING ROCKET PROBING OF THE IONOSPHERIC COLLISIONAL TRANSITION REGION. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calgary, 2009 . L. Sangalli, D. J. Knudsen, M. F. Larsen, T. Zhan, R. F. Pfaff, and D. Rowland. Rocket-based measurements of ion velocity, neutral wind, and electric field in the collisional transition region of the auroral ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . J. Semeter, T. Butler, C. Heinselman, M. Nicolls, J. Kelly, and D. Hampton. Volumetric imaging of the auroral ionosphere: Initial results from PFISR. J. Atmos Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 738-743, 2009 . M. J. Taylor, Y. Zhao, P.-D. Pautet, M. J. Nicolls, R. L. Collins, J. Barker-Tvedtnes, C. D. Burton, B. Thurairajah, J. Reimuller, R. H. Varney, C. J. Heinselman, and K. Mizutani. Coordinated optical and radar image measurements of noctilucent clouds and polar mesospheric summer echoes. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 675-687, 2009 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, C. J. Heinselman, and S. B. Mende. Nightside ionospheric electrodynamics associated with substorms: PFISR and THEMIS ASI observations. J. Geophys. Res., volume 114, 2009 . S. Zou, L. R. Lyons, M. J. Nicolls, and C. J. Heinselman. PFISR observations of strong azimuthal flow bursts in the ionosphere and their relation to nightside aurora. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 71, issue 6, pages 729-737, 2009 . B. Gustavsson, M. Kosch, A. Wong, T. Pedersen, C. Heinselman, C. Mutiso, B. Bristow, J. Hughes, and W. Wang. First estimates of volume distribution of HF-pump enhanced emissions at 6300 and 5577 Å: a comparison between observations and theory. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 1, pages 3999-4012, 2008 . C. J. Heinselman and M. J. Nicolls. A Bayesian approach to electric field and E-region neutral wind estimation with the Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar. Radio Sci., volume 43, issue 5, 2008 . D. L. Hysell, G. Michhue, M. F. Larsen, R. Pfaff, M. Nicolls, C. Heinselman, and H. Bahcivan. Imaging radar observations of Farley Buneman waves during the JOULE II experiment. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 7, pages 1837-1850, 2008 . R. G. Michell, K. A. Lynch, C. J. Heinselman, and H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen. PFISR nightside observations of naturally enhanced ion acoustic lines, and their relation to boundary auroral features. Ann. Geophys., volume 26, issue 1, pages 3623-3639, 2008 . I. Sandahl, T. Sergienko, and U. Brändström. Fine structure of optical aurora. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., volume 70, issue 1, pages 2275-2292, 2008 .