@article{Lundquist2026a,
  author = "M. T. Lundquist and R. H. Varney",
  title = "A Statistical Survey of F2 Layer Peak Properties in the Polar Cap Ionosphere Observed by RISR-N",
  year =  2026 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 131,
  number = 1,
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "ionosphere, polar cap, incoherent scatter radar, f region, patches, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034676",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034676",
  note = "e2025JA034676 2025JA034676"
}


@article{Nishimura2026a,
  author = "Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and D. D. Billett and P. V. Ponomarenko and R. A. Rohel and V. E. Ledvina and D. Hamilton and N. Nishitani and A. Bhatt and E. F. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos",
  title = "High-Time-Resolution Observations of Plasma Convection in the Nightside High-Latitude Ionosphere",
  year =  2026 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 131,
  number = 4,
  month = "Apr",
  keywords = "convection, aurora, pbi, substorms, pc5 ulf waves, superdarn, risr, themis, trex, rego, artemis, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi-org.sri.idm.oclc.org/10.1029/2025JA034804",
  url = "https://agupubs-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.sri.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034804",
  note = "e2025JA034804 2025JA034804"
}


@phdthesis{Redden2026a,
  author = "M. E. Redden",
  title = "Modeling of Polar Cap Ionospheric Patches and Attendant Plasma Instabilities: Initialization from Data and Parametric Analysis",
  year =  2026 ,
  month = "May",
  keywords = "risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "https://commons.erau.edu/edt/959",
  school = "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University"
}


@article{Rexer2026a,
  author = "T. Rexer and B. Gustavsson and J. Vierinen and A. Spicher and D. R. Huyghebaert and A. Kvammen and R. Gillies and A. Bhatt",
  title = "Improving the Magic constant -- data-based calibration of phased array radars",
  year =  2026 ,
  journal = "Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems",
  volume = 15,
  number = 1,
  month = "May",
  keywords = "risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.5194/gi-15-127-2026",
  url = "https://gi.copernicus.org/articles/15/127/2026/"
}


@article{Swanson2026a,
  author = "D. J. Swanson and J. H. Clemmons and H. Liu and R. Bishop and S. Debchoudhury and A. Barjatya and A. Bhatt",
  title = "High Latitude Thermosphere and Ionosphere Density Response to the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm Observed by the LLITED CubeSat Mission",
  year =  2026 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 131,
  number = 7,
  month = "Jun",
  keywords = "thermosphere, geomagnetic storm, ionosphere, pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2026JA035137",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2026JA035137",
  note = "e2026JA035137 2026JA035137"
}


@phdthesis{Bals2025a,
  author = "A.-M. Bals",
  title = "High-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularities Characterized Through Machine Learning Methods",
  year =  2025 ,
  month = "May",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "https://commons.erau.edu/edt/900",
  school = "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University"
}


@article{Eriksen2025a,
  author = "N. K. Eriksen and Y. Nishimura and M. Zettergren and D. A. Lorentzen and K. Oksavik and L. J. Baddeley and K. Hosokawa and K. Shiokawa and L. Lamarche and M. E. Redden and A. Bhatt",
  title = "Evolution and decay of a stable and a dynamic airglow patch",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "polar cap patches, airglow patches, polar ionosphere, plasma density decay, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106593",
  url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682625001774"
}


@phdthesis{Ghalamkarian-Nejad2025a,
  author = "M. Ghalamkarian-Nejad",
  title = "Influence of Ionospheric Electron Density on Characteristics of SuperDARN Echoes",
  year =  2025 ,
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "risrn, superdarn, phdthesis",
  url = "https://hdl.handle.net/10388/17589",
  school = "University of Saskatchewan"
}


@article{Jonah2025a,
  author = "O. F. Jonah and L. Lamarche and G. Perry and T. Cameron",
  title = "A Long-Term Study of the Variability of Polar Cap Patches Using Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radars (AMISRs)",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 130,
  number = 12,
  month = "Dec",
  keywords = "polar cap patches (pcps), pcpsclimatological study, long-term variability, pcps occurrence distributions, seasonal variability, ionospheric dynamics, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034234",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034234",
  note = "e2025JA034234 2025JA034234"
}


@article{Ponomarenko2025a,
  author = "P. Ponomarenko and M. G. Nejad and A. V. Koustov",
  title = "Application of SuperDARN interferometry for improved estimates of Doppler velocity and echo geolocation",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 60,
  number = 1,
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "plasmas, particle beams, refractive index, radar, pollution measurement, geology, frequency measurement, data analysis, backscatter, velocity measurement, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.1029/2024RS008084"
}


@article{Redden2025a,
  author = "M. Redden and L. Lamarche and M. Zettergren",
  title = "Modeling of Finite Polar Cap Ionospheric Patches: Initialization From Data and F-Region Evolution",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 130,
  number = 12,
  month = "Dec",
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034479",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034479",
  note = "e2025JA034479 2025JA034479"
}


@article{Hedges2024a,
  author = "T. Hedges and N. Lee and S. Elschot",
  title = "Meteor Head Echo Detection at Multiple High-Power Large-Aperture Radar Facilities via a Convolutional Neural Network Trained on Synthetic Radar Data",
  year =  2024 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 129,
  number = 4,
  pages = "1-16",
  month = "Mar",
  keywords = "risrn, meteor, radar, head echo, computer vision, convolutional neural network, machine learning",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JA032204",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2023JA032204",
  note = "e2023JA032204 2023JA032204"
}


@article{Lamarche2024a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche",
  title = "amisrsynthdata: A Python package for generating synthetic data for the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radars",
  year =  2024 ,
  journal = "Journal of Open Source Software",
  publisher = "The Open Journal",
  volume = 9,
  number = 104,
  month = "Dec",
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.21105/joss.07248",
  url = "https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.07248"
}


@phdthesis{Peña2024a,
  author = "J. M. D. Peña",
  title = "High latitude ionospheric flow channels: effects on polar and subauroral region dynamics",
  year =  2024 ,
  publisher = "OpenBU",
  month = "May",
  keywords = "risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "https://open.bu.edu/handle/2144/48851",
  school = "Boston University"
}


@article{Larson2023a,
  author = "B. Larson and A. Koustov and D. Themens and R. Gillies",
  title = "Ionospheric electron density over Resolute Bay according to E-CHAIM model and RISR radar measurements",
  year =  2023 ,
  journal = "Advances in Space Research",
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "risrn, risrc, rbo, e-chaim model, incoherent scatter radars, electron density, polar cap, modeling, instruments, techniques, ionospheric physics",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.01.017",
  url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117723000339"
}


@article{Schreiter2023a,
  author = "L. Schreiter and C. Stolle and J. Rauberg and G. Kervalishvili and J. van d. Ijssel and D. Arnold and C. Xiong and A. Callegare",
  title = "Topside Ionosphere Sounding From the CHAMP, GRACE, and GRACE-FO Missions",
  year =  2023 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 58,
  number = 3,
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, risrc, topside ionosphere, electron density, total electron content, leo satellites, radar calibration",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007552",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022RS007552",
  note = "e2022RS007552 2022RS007552"
}


@article{Alfonsi2022a,
  author = "L. Alfonsi and N. Bergeot and P. J. Cilliers and G. D. Franceschi and L. Baddeley and E. Correia and D. D. Mauro and C.-F. Enell and M. Engebretson and R. Ghoddousi-Fard and I. Häggström and Y.-b. Ham and G. Heygster and G. Jee and A. Kero and M. Kosch and H.-J. Kwon and C. Lee and S. Lotz and L. Macotela and M. F. Marcucci and W. J. Miloch and Y. J. Morton and T. Naoi and M. Negusini and N. Partamies and B. H. Petkov and E. Pottiaux and P. Prikryl and P. R. Shreedevi and R. Slapak and L. Spogli and J. Stephenson and A. M. Triana-Gómez and O. A. Troshichev and R. V. Malderen and J. M. Weygand and S. Zou",
  title = "Review of Environmental Monitoring by Means of Radio Waves in the Polar Regions: From Atmosphere to Geospace",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Surveys in Geophysics",
  volume = 43,
  number = 6,
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.1007/s10712-022-09734-z",
  url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-022-09734-z"
}


@mastersthesis{Colby2022a,
  author = "T. Colby",
  title = "Multifrequency Scintillation in the Polar Caps",
  year =  2022 ,
  month = "Nov",
  keywords = "risrn, mastersthesis",
  url = "https://commons.erau.edu/edt/691/",
  school = "Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University"
}


@article{Goodwin2022a,
  author = "L. V. Goodwin and G. W. Perry",
  title = "Resolving the High-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularity Spectra Using Multi-Point Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 57,
  number = 9,
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007475",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022RS007475",
  note = "e2022RS007475 2022RS007475"
}


@article{Hedges2022a,
  author = "T. Hedges and N. Lee and S. Elschot",
  title = "Meteor Head Echo Analyses From Concurrent Radar Observations at AMISR Resolute Bay, Jicamarca, and Millstone Hill",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 127,
  number = 10,
  keywords = "meteor, meteoroid, deceleration, thermosphere, radar, risrn, jro, mho",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030709",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JA030709",
  note = "e2022JA030709 2022JA030709"
}


@article{Koustov2022a,
  author = "A. V. Koustov and S. Ullrich and P. V. Ponomarenko and M. Ghalamkarian-Nejad and D. R. Themens and R. G. Gillies",
  title = "Occurrence Rates of SuperDARN Ground Scatter Echoes and Electron Density in the Ionosphere",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 57,
  number = 11,
  keywords = "midlatitude winter anomaly, electron density, superdarn radars, ground scatter occurrence rate, incoherent scatter radars risr, cadi ionosonde, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022RS007520",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022RS007520",
  note = "e2022RS007520 2022RS007520"
}


@article{Lamarche2022a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche and K. B. Deshpande and M. D. Zettergren",
  title = "Observations and modeling of scintillation in the vicinity of a polar cap patch",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "J. Space Weather Space Clim.",
  volume = 12,
  keywords = "risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.1051/swsc/2022023",
  url = "https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022023"
}


@phdthesis{Ren2022a,
  author = "J. Ren",
  title = "Characteristics and Generation Mechanism of Polar Cap Patch: Multi-instrument Observations",
  year =  2022 ,
  month = "May",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, risrc, dissertation, phdthesis",
  doi = "https://dx.doi.org/10.7302/4781",
  url = "https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/172752",
  school = "University of Michigan"
}


@article{Wang2022a,
  author = "Y. Wang and D. R. Themens and C. Wang and Y.-Z. Ma and A. Reimer and R. Varney and R. Gilies and Z.-Y. Xing and Q.-H. Zhang and P. T. Jayachandran",
  title = "Simultaneous Observations of a Polar Cap Sporadic-E Layer by Twin Incoherent Scatter Radars at Resolute",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 127,
  number = 6,
  keywords = "risrn, risrc",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030366",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022JA030366",
  note = "e2022JA030366 2022JA030366"
}


@article{Lamarche2021a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche and R. H. Varney and A. S. Reimer",
  title = "Ion Heating in the Polar Cap Under Northwards IMF Bz",
  year =  2021 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 126,
  number = 11,
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029155",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2021JA029155",
  note = "e2021JA029155 2021JA029155"
}


@mastersthesis{Larson2021a,
  author = "B. Larson",
  title = "Comparative study of polar cap electron density measurements and E-CHAIM modeling",
  year =  2021 ,
  month = "Dec",
  keywords = "risrn, risrc, swarm satellites, e-chaim model, mastersthesis",
  url = "https://hdl.handle.net/10388/13751",
  school = "University of Saskatchewan"
}


@article{St-Maurice2021a,
  author = "J.-P. St-Maurice and L. Goodwin",
  title = "Revisiting the Behavior of the E-Region Electron Temperature During Strong Electric Field Events at High Latitudes",
  year =  2021 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 126,
  number = 2,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028288",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JA028288",
  note = "2020JA028288 2020JA028288"
}


@article{Wang2021a,
  author = "Y. Wang and P. T. Jayachandran and D. R. Themens and A. M. McCaffrey and Q.-H. Zhang and S. David and R. Chadwick",
  title = "A Case Study of Polar Cap Sporadic-E Layer Associated with TEC Variations",
  year =  2021 ,
  journal = "Remote Sensing",
  volume = 13,
  number = 7,
  keywords = "risrn, polar cap, sporadic e-layer, rbo, tec variations, scintillation",
  doi = "10.3390/rs13071324",
  url = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/7/1324"
}


@article{Forsythe2020a,
  author = "V. V. Forsythe and I. Azeem and G. Crowley and D. R. Themens",
  title = "Ionospheric Vertical Correlation Distances: Estimation From ISR Data, Analysis and Implications For Ionospheric Data Assimilation",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020RS007177",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020RS007177"
}


@article{Hosokawa2020a,
  author = "K. Hosokawa and A. Kullen and S. Milan and J. Reidy and Y. Zou and H. U. Frey and R. Maggiolo and R. Fear",
  title = "Aurora in the Polar Cap: A Review",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Space Science Review",
  volume = 216,
  number = 15,
  keywords = "risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1007/s11214-020-0637-3"
}


@article{Lamarche2020a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche and R. H. Varney and C. L. Siefring",
  title = "Analysis of Plasma Irregularities on a Range of Scintillation-Scales Using the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 125,
  number = 3,
  keywords = "risrn, risrc, rbo",
  doi = "10.1029/2019JA027112",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JA027112",
  note = "e2019JA027112 10.1029/2019JA027112"
}


@phdthesis{Maimaiti2020a,
  author = "M. Maimaiti",
  title = "Driving Influences of Ionospheric Electrodynamics at Mid- and High-Latitudes",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "VTechWorks",
  publisher = "Virginia Tech",
  keywords = "risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96453",
  school = "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"
}


@article{Negale2020a,
  author = "M. Negale and J. Holmes and R. Parris and D. Ober and E. Dao and R. Kelly and J. V. Eccles and J. Hines and T. Pedersen",
  title = "Using Data Assimilation to Reconstruct High-Latitude Polar Cap Patches",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 55,
  number = 6,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019RS006937",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019RS006937"
}


@article{Yang2020a,
  author = "Z. Yang and B. Zhang and J. Lei and T. Dang",
  title = "Nonlinear Response of the Cross Polar Cap Potential to Solar Wind Density Under Northward Interplanetary Magnetic Field",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  volume = 47,
  number = 8,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087559",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL087559"
}


@article{Kodikara2019a,
  author = "T. Kodikara and B. Carter and R. Norman and K. Zhang",
  title = "Density-Temperature Synchrony in the Hydrostatic Thermosphere",
  year =  2019 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 124,
  number = 1,
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2018JA025973",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018JA025973"
}


@article{Themens2019a,
  author = "D. R. Themens and P. Jayachandran and A. M. McCaffrey and B. Reid and R. H. Varney",
  title = "A Bottomside Parameterization for the Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model",
  year =  2019 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  volume = 54,
  number = 5,
  month = "Apr",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2018RS006748",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RS006748"
}


@mastersthesis{Bankole2018a,
  author = "P. Bankole",
  title = "STUDY OF THE POLAR CAP PLASMA FLOWS WITH THE CLYDE RIVER SUPERDARN RADAR",
  year =  2018 ,
  month = "Dec",
  keywords = "polar cap, superdarn, risrn, risrc, mastersthesis",
  url = "http://hdl.handle.net/10388/11861",
  school = "University of Saskatchewan"
}


@article{Forsythe2018a,
  author = "V. V. Forsythe and R. A. Makarevich",
  title = "Statistical analysis of the electron density gradients in the polar cap F region using the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar North",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 123,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2017JA025156"
}


@article{Gillies2018a,
  author = "R. G. Gillies and G. W. Perry and A. V. Koustov and R. H. Varney and A. S. Reimer and E. Spanswick and J.-P. St.-Maurice and E. Donovan",
  title = "Large-scale comparison of polar cap ionospheric velocities measured by RISR-C, RISR-N, and SuperDARN",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Radio Science",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 53,
  keywords = "risrn, risrc",
  doi = "10.1029/2017RS006435"
}


@article{Koustov2018a,
  author = "A. V. Koustov and P. V. Ponomarenko and C. J. Graf and R. G. Gillies and D. R. Themens",
  title = "Optimal F region electron density for the PolarDARN radar echo detection near the Resolute Bay zenith",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Radio Science",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 53,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2018RS006566"
}


@article{Perry2018a,
  author = "G. W. Perry and J.-P. St.-Maurice",
  title = "A Polar-Cap Patch Detection Algorithm for the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar System",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Radio Science",
  volume = 53,
  number = 10,
  keywords = "polar-cap patches, amisr, ionosphere, incoherent scatter radar, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2018RS006600",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018RS006600"
}


@article{Themens2018b,
  author = "D. R. Themens and P. Jayachandran and R. H. Varney",
  title = "Examining the use of the NeQuick bottomside and topside parameterizations at high latitudes",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Advances in Space Research",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 61,
  number = 1,
  pages = "287-294",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1016/j.asr.2017.09.037",
  url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273117717307044"
}


@article{Themens2018a,
  author = "D. R. Themens and P. T. Jayachandran and D. Bilitza and P. J. Erickson and I. Haggstrom and M. V. Lyashenko and B. Reid and R. H. Varney and L. Pustovalova",
  title = "Topside electron density representations for middle and high latitudes: A topside parameterization for E-CHAIM based on the NeQuick",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 123,
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2017JA024817"
}


@article{Watson2018a,
  author = "C. Watson and R. B. Langley and D. R. Themens and A. W. Yau and A. D. Howarth and P. T. Jayachandran",
  title = "Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe ionospheric radio occultation measurements at high latitudes: Receiver bias estimation and comparison with ground‐based observations",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 53,
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2017RS006453"
}


@article{Akbari2017a,
  author = "H. Akbari and L. V. Goodwin and J. Swoboda and J.-P. St.-Maurice and J. L. Semeter",
  title = "Extreme plasma convection and frictional heating of the ionosphere: ISR observations",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  number = 122,
  pages = "7581-7598",
  keywords = "risrn, pfisr",
  doi = "10.1002/2017JA023916",
  url = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2017JA023916/abstract"
}


@phdthesis{Lamarche2017b,
  author = "L. Lamarche",
  title = "Plasma Irregularity Production in the Polar Cap F-Region Ionosphere",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "Ph.D. Thesis",
  publisher = "University of Alaska Fairbanks",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7619",
  school = "University of Alaska Fairbanks"
}


@article{Lamarche2017a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche and R. A. Makarevich",
  title = "Radar observations of density gradients, electric fields, and plasma irregularities near polar cap patches in the context of the gradient-drift instability",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA023702",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA023702"
}


@article{Lin2017a,
  author = "D. Lin and B. Zhang and W. A. Scales and M. Wiltberger and C. R. Clauer and Z. Xu",
  title = "The role of solar wind density in cross polar cap potential saturation under northward interplanetary magnetic field",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 44,
  pages = "11729-11734",
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2017GL075275"
}


@article{Ruohoniemi2017a,
  author = "M. M. J. Ruohoniemi and J. Baker and C. Clauer and M. Nicolls and M. Hairston",
  title = "RISR-N observations of the IMF By influence on reverse convection during extreme northward IMF",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  number = 122,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA023612"
}


@phdthesis{Swoboda2017a,
  author = "J. P. Swoboda",
  title = "Space-time sampling strategies for electronically steerable incoherent scatter radar",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "PhD Thesis",
  publisher = "Boston University",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, phdthesis",
  url = "https://hdl.handle.net/2144/20847",
  school = "Boston University"
}


@article{Wu2017a,
  author = "Q. Wu and G. Jee and C. Lee and J.-H. Kim and Y. H. Kim and W. Ward and R. H. Varney",
  title = "First simultaneous multistation observations of the polar cap thermospheric winds",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 122,
  keywords = "risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA023560",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA023560"
}


@article{Clauer2016a,
  author = "C. R. Clauer and Z. Xu and M. Maimaiti and J. M. Ruohoniemi and W. Scales and M. D. Hartinger and M. J. Nicolls and S. Kaeppler and F. D. Wilder and R. E. Lopez",
  title = "Investigation of a rare event where the polar ionospheric reverse convection potential does not saturate during a period of extreme northward IMF solar wind driving",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  volume = 121,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA022557",
  url = "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2016JA022557/abstract"
}


@article{Gillies2016a,
  author = "R. G. Gillies and A. van Eyken and E. Spanswick and M. Nicolls and J. Kelly and M. Greffen and D. Knudsen and M. Connors and M. Schutzer and T. Valentic and M. Malone and J. Buonocore and J.-P. St.-Maurice and E. Donovan",
  title = "First observations from the RISR-C incoherent scatter radar",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 51,
  keywords = "rbo, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016RS006062",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/2016RS006062"
}


@article{Koustov2016a,
  author = "A. V. Koustov and D. B. Lavoie and R. H. Varney",
  title = "On the consistency of the SuperDARN radar velocity and E×B plasma drift",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "Radio Science",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  number = 51,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016RS006134",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016RS006134"
}


@article{Shen2016a,
  author = "Y. Shen and D. J. Knudsen and J. K. Burchill and A. Howarth and A. Yau and R. J. Redmon and D. M. Miles and R. H. Varney and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Strong ambipolar-driven ion upflow within the cleft ion fountain during low geomagnetic activity",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  number = 121,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA022532",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA022532"
}


@article{Zou2016a,
  author = "Y. Zou and Y. Nishimura and J. K. Burchill and D. J. Knudsen and L. R. Lyons and K. Shiokawa and S. Buchert and S. Chen and M. J. Nicolls and M. J. Ruohoniemi and K. A. McWilliams and N. Nishitani",
  title = "Localized field-aligned currents in the polar cap associated with airglow patches",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  number = 121,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA022665"
}


@article{Lamarche2015a,
  author = "L. J. Lamarche and R. A. Makarevich",
  title = "Solar control of F region radar backscatter: Further insights from observations in the southern polar cap",
  year =  2015 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 120,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/2015JA021663"
}


@inbook{Lyons2015a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and B. Gallardo-Lacourt and Y. Zou and E. F. Donovan and S. Mende and V. Angelopoulos and J. M. Ruohoniemi and K. A. McWilliams and D. L. Hampton and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Dynamics Related to Plasmasheet Flow Bursts as Revealed from the Aurora",
  year =  2015 ,
  booktitle = "Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather (eds. Y. Zhang and L. J. Paxton)",
  publisher = "John Wiley & Sons",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, pfrr, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/9781118978719.ch8"
}


@article{Makarevich2015b,
  author = "R. A. Makarevich and L. J. Lamarche and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar observations of plasma structures in the vicinity of polar holes",
  year =  2015 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 120,
  number = 9,
  pages = "7970-7986",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2015JA021443"
}


@inproceedings{Nicolls2015a,
  author = "M. J. Nicolls",
  title = " Space Debris Measurements using the Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar",
  year =  2015 ,
  publisher = "AMOS",
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, risrn"
}


@article{Perry2015b,
  author = "G. W. Perry and H. Dahlgren and M. J. Nicolls and M. Zettergren and J.-P. St.-Maurice and J. L. Semeter and T. Sundberg and K. Hosokawa and K. Shiokawa and S. Chen",
  title = "Spatiotemporally resolved electrodynamic properties of a Sun-aligned arc over Resolute Bay",
  year =  2015 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 120,
  pages = "9977-9987",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/2015JA021790"
}


@phdthesis{Perry2015a,
  author = "G. Perry",
  title = "Large scale plasma density perturbations in the polar F-region ionosphere",
  year =  2015 ,
  booktitle = "Ph.D. Thesis",
  publisher = "University of Saskatchewan",
  keywords = "amisr, rbo, risrn, phdthesis",
  school = "University of Saskatchewan"
}


@article{Themens2015a,
  author = "D. R. Themens and P. T. Jayachandran and R. B. Langley",
  title = "The nature of GPS differential receiver bias variability: An examination in the polar cap region",
  year =  2015 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 120,
  pages = "8155-8175",
  keywords = "amisr, rbo, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2015JA021639"
}


@article{Dahlgren2014a,
  author = "H. Dahlgren and G. Perry and J.-P. St.-Maurice and T. Sundberg and K. Hosokawa and J. L. Semeter and M. J. Nicolls and K. Shiokawa",
  title = "3D imaging reveals electrodynamics of polar cap aurora",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "Astronomy & Geophysics",
  volume = 55,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1093/astrogeo/atu215 "
}


@article{Hosokawa2014a,
  author = "K. Hosokawa and S. Taguchi and K. Shiokawa and Y. Otsuka and Y. Ogawa and M. Nicolls",
  title = "Global imaging of polar cap patches with dual airglow imagers",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "Geophys. Res. Lett.",
  volume = 41,
  pages = "1-6",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/2013GL058748"
}


@article{Nicolls2014a,
  author = "M. J. Nicolls and R. Cosgrove and H. Bahcivan",
  title = "Estimating the vector electric field using monostatic, multibeam incoherent scatter radar measurements",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "Radio Sci.",
  volume = 49,
  pages = "1124-1139",
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2014RS005519"
}


@article{Themens2014a,
  author = "D. Themens and P. Jayachandran and M. J. Nicolls and J. W. MacDougall",
  title = "A Top to Bottom Evaluation of IRI-2007 within the Polar Cap",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 119,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2014JA020052"
}


@article{Varney2014a,
  author = "R. H. Varney and S. C. Solomon and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Heating of the sunlit polar cap ionosphere by reflected photoelectrons",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 119,
  pages = "8660-8684",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2013JA019378"
}


@article{Bahcivan2013b,
  author = "H. Bahcivan and M. J. Nicolls and G. Perry",
  title = "Comparison of SuperDARN irregularity drift measurements and F-region ion velocities from the Resolute Bay ISR",
  year =  2013 ,
  journal = "J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.",
  pages = "325-331",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2013.02.002"
}


@article{Bahcivan2013a,
  author = "H. Bahcivan and S. Chen and R. Cosgrove",
  title = "Comparison of ionospheric drift and magnetic deflections on the ground",
  year =  2013 ,
  journal = "J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.",
  pages = "332-335",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.016"
}


@article{Samara2013a,
  author = "M. Samara and R. Michell",
  title = "Optical and radar observations of small-scale polar cap auroral structures",
  year =  2013 ,
  journal = "J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys.",
  pages = "308-312",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1016/j.jastp.2012.11.016"
}


@article{Bahcivan2012b,
  author = "H. Bahcivan and J. W. Cutler",
  title = "Radio Aurora Explorer: Mission science and radar system",
  year =  2012 ,
  journal = "Radio Sci.",
  volume = 47,
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2011RS004817"
}


@article{Dahlgren2012b,
  author = "H. Dahlgren and G. W. Perry and J. L. Semeter and J.-P. St.-Maurice and K. Hosokawa and M. J. Nicolls and M. Greffen and K. Shiokawa and C. Heinselman",
  title = "Space-time variability of polar cap patches: Direct evidence for internal plasma structuring",
  year =  2012 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 117,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2012JA017961"
}


@article{Dahlgren2012a,
  author = "H. Dahlgren and J. L. Semeter and K. Hosokawa and M. J. Nicolls and T. W. Butler and M. G. Johnsen and K. Shiokawa and C. Heinselman",
  title = "Direct three-dimensional imaging of polar ionospheric structures with the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar",
  year =  2012 ,
  journal = "Geophys. Res. Lett.",
  volume = 39,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn, rbo",
  doi = "10.1029/2012GL050895"
}


@article{Themens2012a,
  author = "D. R. Themens and P. T. Jayachandran and R. B. Langley and J. W. Macdougall and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Determining receiver biases in GPS-derived total electron content in the auroral oval and polar cap region using ionosonde measurements",
  year =  2012 ,
  journal = "GPS Solutions",
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1007/s10291-012-0284-6"
}


@article{Lyons2011a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and H.-J. Kim and E. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos and G. Sofko and M. Nicolls and C. Heinselman and J. M. Ruohoniemi and N. Nishitani",
  title = "Possible connection of polar cap flows to pre- and post-substorm onset PBIs and streamers",
  year =  2011 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 116,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2011JA016850"
}


@article{Bahcivan2010a,
  author = "H. Bahcivan and R. Tsunoda and M. J. Nicolls and C. J. Heinselman",
  title = "Initial ionospheric observations made by the new Resolute incoherent scatter radar and comparison to solar wind IMF",
  year =  2010 ,
  journal = "Geophys. Res. Lett.",
  volume = 37,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2010GL043632"
}


@article{Bahcivan2009a,
  author = "H. Bahcivan and M. C. Kelley and J. W. Cutler",
  title = "Radar and rocket comparison of UHF radar scattering from auroral electrojet irregularities: Implications for a nanosatellite radar",
  year =  2009 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 114,
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2009JA014132"
}