@article{Nishimura2026a,
  author = "Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and D. D. Billett and P. V. Ponomarenko and R. A. Rohel and V. E. Ledvina and D. Hamilton and N. Nishitani and A. Bhatt and E. F. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos",
  title = "High-Time-Resolution Observations of Plasma Convection in the Nightside High-Latitude Ionosphere",
  year =  2026 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 131,
  number = 4,
  month = "Apr",
  keywords = "convection, aurora, pbi, substorms, pc5 ulf waves, superdarn, risr, themis, trex, rego, artemis, risrn",
  doi = "https://doi-org.sri.idm.oclc.org/10.1029/2025JA034804",
  url = "https://agupubs-onlinelibrary-wiley-com.sri.idm.oclc.org/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034804",
  note = "e2025JA034804 2025JA034804"
}


@article{Kim2025a,
  author = "M. J. Kim and Y. Nishimura and Y. Deng and C. Sheng and L. R. Lyons and M. G. Conde",
  title = "Investigation of Thermospheric Horizontal and Vertical Neutral Winds via Tristatic Observations Over Alaska",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 130,
  number = 10,
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "aurora, neutral wind, ionosphere, thermosphere, pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033631",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024JA033631",
  note = "e2024JA033631 2024JA033631"
}


@article{Lyons2025a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and J. Liu and S. Yadav and Y. Zou and W. A. Bristow and E. Donovan and N. Nishitani and K. Shiokawa and K. Hosokawa",
  title = "Strong Substorm Development From Polar-Cap Arc Laydown Along the Auroral Poleward Boundary",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 130,
  number = 10,
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "polar cap, aurora, convection, flow channels, space weather, substorms, pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034161",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2025JA034161",
  note = "e2025JA034161 2025JA034161"
}


@article{Eriksen2025a,
  author = "N. K. Eriksen and Y. Nishimura and M. Zettergren and D. A. Lorentzen and K. Oksavik and L. J. Baddeley and K. Hosokawa and K. Shiokawa and L. Lamarche and M. E. Redden and A. Bhatt",
  title = "Evolution and decay of a stable and a dynamic airglow patch",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "polar cap patches, airglow patches, polar ionosphere, plasma density decay, risrn, risrc",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106593",
  url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682625001774"
}


@article{Gabrielse2025a,
  author = "C. Gabrielse and Y. Nishimura and J. H. Hecht and M. W. Chen and S. R. Kaeppler and D. M. Gillies and Y. Deng and E. Spanswick and E. Donovan and J. S. Evans and L. R. Lyons",
  title = "Auroral Energy Deposition and Conductance During the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Storm: Meso-Scale Contributions",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 130,
  number = 2,
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "aurora, geomagnetic storm, precipitation, energy, conductance, all-sky-imagers, pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033082",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024JA033082",
  note = "e2024JA033082 2024JA033082"
}


@article{Blinstrubas2025a,
  author = "G. Blinstrubas and A. English and D. J. Stuart and D. L. Hampton and L. Lamarche and Y. Nishimura and S. Datta-Barua",
  title = "Comparative Hypothesis Testing of Auroral Ionospheric Layer Causing Global Navigation Satellite System Scintillation",
  year =  2025 ,
  journal = "Space Weather",
  volume = 23,
  number = 1,
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "pfisr, gps, scintillation",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024SW004069",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024SW004069",
  note = "e2024SW004069 2024SW004069"
}


@article{Vaggu2024a,
  author = "P. R. Vaggu and M. Zettergren and K. Deshpande and Y. Nishimura and J. Semeter and M. Hirsch and D. Hampton and L. Lamarche and S. Datta-Barua",
  title = "Model-Based Investigation of Electron Precipitation-Driven Density Structures and Their Effects on Auroral Scintillation",
  year =  2024 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 129,
  number = 7,
  month = "Jun",
  keywords = "pfisr, auroral scintillation, electron precipitation",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA032443",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024JA032443",
  note = "e2024JA032443 2024JA032443"
}


@article{Shen2024a,
  author = "Y. Shen and J. Liang and A. Artemyev and V. Angelopoulos and Q. Ma and L. Lyons and J. Liu and Y. Nishimura and X.-J. Zhang and I. Vasko and D. L. Hampton",
  title = "Red Line Diffuse-Like Aurora Driven by Time Domain Structures Associated With Braking Magnetotail Flow Bursts",
  year =  2024 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  volume = 51,
  number = 10,
  month = "Apr",
  keywords = "time domain structures, diffuse aurora, discrete aurora, auroral precipitation, red line aurora, quasilinear diffusion, pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109000",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2024GL109000",
  note = "e2024GL109000 2024GL109000"
}


@article{Lyons2024a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and J. Liu and S. Yadav and Y. Zou and W. A. Bristow and E. Donovan and N. Nishitani",
  title = "Space weather with an arc’s ∼2 h trip across the nightside polar cap",
  year =  2024 ,
  journal = "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",
  volume = 10,
  pages = "1-7",
  month = "Jan",
  keywords = "pfisr",
  doi = "10.3389/fspas.2023.1309870",
  url = "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2023.1309870"
}


@article{Lyons2023a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and J. Liu and Y. Zou and W. A. Bristow and S. Yadav and E. Donovan and N. Nishitani and K. Shiokawa and K. Hosokawa",
  title = "Unsolved problems: Mesoscale polar cap flow channels' structure, propagation, and effects on space weather disturbances",
  year =  2023 ,
  journal = "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences",
  volume = 10,
  keywords = "rbo, imagers",
  doi = "10.3389/fspas.2023.1147531",
  url = "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2023.1147531"
}


@article{Lu2023a,
  author = "X. Lu and H. Wu and S. Kaeppler and J. Meriwether and Y. Nishimura and W. Wang and J. Li and X. Shi",
  title = "Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and Ionospheric Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data-Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields",
  year =  2023 ,
  journal = "Space Weather",
  volume = 21,
  number = 2,
  keywords = "space weather modeling, data assimilation, aurora, electric fields, tiegcm, pfisr, superdarn, themis asis",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003308",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022SW003308",
  note = "e2022SW003308 2022SW003308"
}


@book{Lyons2022a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and B. Gallardo-Lacourt and Y. Nishimura",
  title = "Chapter 2 - Auroral structures: Revealing the importance of meso-scale M-I coupling",
  year =  2022 ,
  booktitle = "Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System",
  publisher = "Elsevier",
  keywords = "aurora, flow channels, mesoscale, convection, polar cap, plasma sheet pmafs, auroral streamers, substorms, steve, pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821366-7.00004-4",
  url = "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128213667000044"
}


@article{Khazanov2022a,
  author = "G. V. Khazanov and C. Gabrielse and A. Glocer and M. Chu and Y. Nishimura and P. Reyes",
  title = "A 2D Kaleidoscope of Electron Heat Fluxes Driven by Auroral Electron Precipitation",
  year =  2022 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  volume = 49,
  number = 18,
  keywords = "pfisr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL100912",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2022GL100912",
  note = "e2022GL100912 2022GL100912"
}


@article{Ma2021a,
  author = "Y.-Z. Ma and Q.-H. Zhang and L. R. Lyons and J. Liu and Z.-Y. Xing and A. Reimer and Y. Nishimura and D. Hampton",
  title = "Is Westward Travelling Surge Driven by the Polar Cap Flow Channels?",
  year =  2021 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 126,
  number = 8,
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028498",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JA028498",
  note = "e2020JA028498 2020JA028498"
}


@article{Lyons2021a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and J. Liu and Y. Nishimura and C.-P. Wang and A. S. Reimer and W. A. Bristow and D. L. Hampton and X. Shi and R. H. Varney and E. F. Donovan",
  title = "Radar Observations of Flows Leading to Longitudinal Expansion of Substorm Onset over Alaska",
  year =  2021 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028148",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020JA028148"
}


@article{Lyons2020a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura",
  title = "Substorm onset and development: The crucial role of flow channels",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics",
  volume = 211,
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105474",
  url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364682620302777"
}


@article{Wang2020a,
  author = "B. Wang and Y. Nishimura and M. Hartinger and N. Sivadas and L. L. Lyons and R. H. Varney and V. Angelopoulos",
  title = "Ionospheric Modulation by Storm Time Pc5 ULF Pulsations and the Structure Detected by PFISR-THEMIS Conjunction",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  volume = 47,
  number = 16,
  keywords = "pfisr",
  doi = "10.1029/2020GL089060",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020GL089060"
}


@article{Nishimura2020a,
  author = "Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and C. Gabrielse and N. Sivadas and E. F. Donovan and R. H. Varney and V. Angelopoulos and J. M. Weygand and M. G. Conde and S. R. Zhang",
  title = "Extreme Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Responses to the 5 April 2010 Supersubstorm",
  year =  2020 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 125,
  number = 4,
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1029/2019JA027654",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JA027654",
  note = "e2019JA027654 2019JA027654"
}


@article{Hosokawa2019a,
  author = "K. Hosokawa and Y. Zou and Y. Nishimura",
  title = "Airglow Patches in the Polar Cap Region: A Review",
  year =  2019 ,
  journal = "Space Science Reviews",
  volume = 215,
  number = 8,
  month = "Nov",
  keywords = "rbo",
  doi = "10.1007/s11214-019-0616-8",
  url = "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0616-8"
}


@article{Goodwin2019a,
  author = "L. V. Goodwin and Y. Nishimura and Y. Zou and K. Shiokawa and P. T. Jayachandran",
  title = "Mesoscale Convection Structures Associated With Airglow Patches Characterized Using Cluster-Imager Conjunctions",
  year =  2019 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 124,
  number = 9,
  month = "Sep",
  keywords = "rbo",
  doi = "10.1029/2019JA026611",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019JA026611"
}


@article{Sivadas2019a,
  author = "N. Sivadas and J. Semeter and Y. Nishimura and S. Mrak",
  title = "Optical Signatures of the Outer Radiation Belt Boundary",
  year =  2019 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  volume = 46,
  number = 15,
  month = "Jul",
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1029/2019GL083908",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2019GL083908"
}


@article{Zou2018a,
  author = "Y. Zou and Y. Nishimura and L. Lyons and M. Conde and R. Varney and V. Angelopoulos and S. Mende",
  title = "Mesoscale F region neutral winds associated with quasi‐steady and transient nightside auroral forms",
  year =  2018 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  volume = 123,
  keywords = "pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1029/2018JA025457"
}


@article{Sivadas2017a,
  author = "N. Sivadas and J. Semeter and Y. Nishimura and A. Kero",
  title = "Simultaneous measurements of substorm-related electron energization in the ionosphere and the plasma sheet",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 122,
  pages = "10528-10547",
  month = "Oct",
  keywords = "pfrr, pfisr",
  doi = "10.1002/2017JA023995"
}


@article{Zou2017c,
  author = "Y. Zou and Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and K. Shiokawa",
  title = "Localized polar cap precipitation in association with nonstorm time airglow patches",
  year =  2017 ,
  journal = "Geophysical Research Letters",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  volume = 44,
  pages = "609-617",
  keywords = "rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/2016GL071168",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016GL071168"
}


@article{Lyons2016a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and B. Gallardo-Lacourt and S. Zou and J. M. Weygand and Y. Nishimura and W. Li and M. Gkioulidou and V. Angelopoulos and E. F. Donovan and J. M. Ruohoniemi and B. J. Anderson and S. G. Shepherd and N. Nishitani",
  title = "The 17 March 2013 storm: Synergy of observations related to electric field modes and their ionospheric and magnetospheric Effects.",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  number = 121,
  keywords = "pfisr",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA023237",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA023237"
}


@article{Yue2016a,
  author = "C. Yue and W. Li and Y. Nishimura and Q. Zong and Q. Ma and J. Bortnik and R. M. Thorne and G. D. Reeves and H. E. Spence and C. A. Kletzing and J. R. Wygant and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Rapid enhancement of low-energy (<100  eV) ion flux in response to interplanetary shocks based on two Van Allen Probes case studies: Implications for source regions and heating mechanisms.",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  number = 121,
  keywords = "pfisr",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA022808",
  url = "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2016JA022808"
}


@article{Zou2016a,
  author = "Y. Zou and Y. Nishimura and J. K. Burchill and D. J. Knudsen and L. R. Lyons and K. Shiokawa and S. Buchert and S. Chen and M. J. Nicolls and M. J. Ruohoniemi and K. A. McWilliams and N. Nishitani",
  title = "Localized field-aligned currents in the polar cap associated with airglow patches",
  year =  2016 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics",
  publisher = "American Geophysical Union",
  number = 121,
  keywords = "risrn",
  doi = "10.1002/2016JA022665"
}


@article{Lyons2015b,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and B. Gallardo-Lacourt and M. J. Nicolls and S. Chen and D. L. Hampton and W. A. Bristow and J. M. Ruohoniemi and N. Nishitani and E. F. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos",
  title = "Azimuthal flow bursts in the Inner Plasma Sheet and Possible Connection with SAPS and Plasma Sheet Earthward Flow Bursts",
  year =  2015 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 120,
  pages = "5009-5021",
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1002/2015JA021023"
}


@inbook{Lyons2015a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and B. Gallardo-Lacourt and Y. Zou and E. F. Donovan and S. Mende and V. Angelopoulos and J. M. Ruohoniemi and K. A. McWilliams and D. L. Hampton and M. J. Nicolls",
  title = "Dynamics Related to Plasmasheet Flow Bursts as Revealed from the Aurora",
  year =  2015 ,
  booktitle = "Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather (eds. Y. Zhang and L. J. Paxton)",
  publisher = "John Wiley & Sons",
  keywords = "pfisr, risrn, pfrr, rbo",
  doi = "10.1002/9781118978719.ch8"
}


@article{Nishimura2014a,
  author = "Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and M. J. Nicolls and D. L. Hampton and R. G. Michell and M. Samara and W. A. Bristow and E. F. Donovan and E. Spanswick and V. Angelopoulos and S. B. Mende",
  title = "Coordinated ionospheric observations indicating coupling between pre-onset flow bursts and waves that leads to substorm onset",
  year =  2014 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 119,
  pages = "3333-3344",
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1002/2014JA019773"
}


@article{Lyons2011a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and H.-J. Kim and E. Donovan and V. Angelopoulos and G. Sofko and M. Nicolls and C. Heinselman and J. M. Ruohoniemi and N. Nishitani",
  title = "Possible connection of polar cap flows to pre- and post-substorm onset PBIs and streamers",
  year =  2011 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 116,
  keywords = "amisr, risrn",
  doi = "10.1029/2011JA016850"
}


@article{Lyons2010a,
  author = "L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and Y. Shi and S. Zou and H.-J. Kim and V. Angelopoulos and C. Heinselman and M. J. Nicolls and K.-H. Fornacon",
  title = "Substorm triggering by new plasma intrusion: Incoherent-scatter radar observations",
  year =  2010 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 115,
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, pfrr, sondrestrom",
  doi = "10.1029/2009JA015168"
}


@article{Nishimura2010a,
  author = "Y. Nishimura and L. R. Lyons and S. Zou and X. Xing and V. Angelopoulos and S. B. Mende and J. W. Bonnell and D. Larson and U. Auster and T. Hori and N. Nishitani and K. Hosokawa and G. Sofko and M. Nicolls and C. Heinselman",
  title = "Preonset time sequence of auroral substorms: Coordinated observations by all-sky imagers, satellites, and radars",
  year =  2010 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 115,
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1029/2010JA015832"
}


@article{Zou2010a,
  author = "S. Zou and M. B. Moldwin and L. R. Lyons and Y. Nishimura and M. Hirahara and T. Sakanoi and K. Asamura and M. J. Nicolls and Y. Miyashita and S. B. Mende and C. J. Heinselman",
  title = "Identification of substorm onset location and preonset sequence using Reimei, THEMIS GBO, PFISR, and Geotail",
  year =  2010 ,
  journal = "J. Geophys. Res.",
  volume = 115,
  keywords = "amisr, pfisr, pfrr",
  doi = "10.1029/2010JA015520"
}